“与狼共舞”的生态伦理启示

发布时间：2018-10-24 14:43

【摘要】：《与狼共舞》是20世纪90年代一部知名的电影,曾荣获多项大奖。这部电影是根据美国小说家迈克·布莱克(Michael Blake,1945-)的同名小说改编创作的,因此这部小说也引发评论家们的关注和从不同角度进行的探讨。这部小说讲述的是南北战争结束后,一位驻守西部边疆的美国士兵邓巴与印第安苏族人之间的故事。它生动再现了美国西部拓进中征服荒原、驱赶印第安人的历史,从一个具有颠覆性的全新的角度考察了文化、自然、种族与和平的复杂主题,引发了人们对美国西部扩张和征服中边疆精神的反思,打着“将文明带入蛮荒的心脏”幌子的白人士兵代表的是西方主流文化所信奉的人类中心主义和征服、控制自然的思想。这部作品也为生态文学批评,这个新兴但在迅速成长中的文学批评理论提供的极佳的素材。生态文学和生态批评是人类面临日益严重的环境问题而前瞻性和自救性的理性工程的重要工具,为挖掘生态困境的深层原因和鼓励有利于环境的文学作品的创作提供理论支持。《与狼共舞》是一部充满了生态元素,尤其是生态伦理寓意的一部难得的作品,而从这个角度探讨的声音并不多,这篇论文将从这个角度进行尝试,以期对生态批评的发展汇入一点贡献。作品中隐含着对荒野这一重要生态概念的揭示,描述了邓巴在拜仁军队中的疏离感和边缘干在荒野中逐渐被安慰和希望所代替,深刻昭示了非人类生命的繁荣本身具备的天赋价值；邓巴与被称作“两只袜子”野狼之间的相处和亲近印证了动物解放论和动物权利论的主张,活化了生命多样性和丰富性有其内在价值的生态伦理理论,并说明了该理论对人类解放和自我拯救中起到的作用;作品跳出人类中心主义,推崇多元尊重,讲述了邓巴中尉在充满生态只会的苏族人的帮助下恢复自我,重新找到和谐的过程。本论文的论述结构如下：在介绍中,概述了迈克尔·布雷克的生平和作品、《与狼共舞》的故事梗概、前人对《与狼共舞》这部作品的研究成果、本论文的理论基础与理论框架等内容；第一章论述了荒野在这部作品中的意义：大平原为“文明人”提供了逃离喧嚣重归自然的机会,为重构人类内心的生态意识和生态伦理提供了如同子宫一样的自然条件；第二章详述了动物解放理论和动物权利运动的思想在文中的体现,通过论述“两只袜子”与邓巴的相处和亲近,揭示了生态多样性对人类自身解放的意义；第三章论述述了邓巴中尉在充满生态只会的苏族人的帮助下恢复自我,重新找到和谐的过程,其中论述了苏族人朴素的和谐生态观以及文明人在多元尊重的催化下对文明社会的反思以及最终达到广义的自我实现的内容。
[Abstract]:Dance with Wolves is a famous movie in the 1990 s, which has won many awards. The film is based on the novel of the same name by American novelist Michael Blake,1945-. The novel tells the story of an American soldier stationed on the western frontier, Dunbar, and an Indian Sioux after the Civil War. It vividly reproduces the history of conquering the wilderness and expelling the Indians as the western United States advances, examining the complex themes of culture, nature, race and peace from a completely new and subversive perspective. The white soldiers under the guise of "bringing civilization into the wild heart" represent the idea of anthropocentrism and conquest, which is believed by the western mainstream culture, and control nature. It is also an excellent source for ecological literary criticism, an emerging but rapidly growing theory of literary criticism. Ecological literature and ecological criticism are important tools for the rational engineering of human beings to face increasingly serious environmental problems, which are forward-looking and self-saving. It provides theoretical support for exploring the deep causes of ecological dilemma and encouraging the creation of literary works that are favorable to the environment. Dance with the Wolf is a rare work full of ecological elements, especially the moral of ecological ethics. But there are not many voices from this angle, this paper will try from this angle, in order to make a little contribution to the development of ecological criticism. Implicit in the work is the revelation of the important ecological concept of wilderness, describing Dunbar's sense of alienation in the Bayern Army and the drying of the edge in the wilderness gradually being replaced by comfort and hope. It is a profound demonstration of the natural value of the prosperity of non-human life itself; the relationship and closeness between Dunbar and the wolf known as "two socks" confirm the idea of animal liberation and animal rights. The ecological ethics theory of diversity and richness of life has its intrinsic value and illustrates the role of this theory in human liberation and self-salvation. Lieutenant Dunbar restores himself and finds harmony with the help of ecological Sioux. The structure of this thesis is as follows: in the introduction, it summarizes the life and works of Michael Blake, the outline of the story of "Dance with the Wolf", and the previous research results of the work "Dance with the Wolf". The first chapter discusses the significance of wilderness in this work: the Great Plains provide the opportunity to escape the uproar and return to nature. It provides the same natural condition as womb for reconstructing human's inner ecological consciousness and ecological ethics. The second chapter elaborates the embodiment of animal liberation theory and animal rights movement in this paper. By discussing the relationship and closeness between "two socks" and Dunbar, this paper reveals the significance of ecological diversity to the liberation of human beings. Chapter three states that Lieutenant Dunbar recovers himself with the help of the Sioux people who are full of ecological only. It discusses the simple ecological view of harmony of the Sioux people and the reflection of civilized people on the civilized society under the catalysis of pluralistic respect and the content of self-realization in a broad sense.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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