论《微暗的火》中的文化身份问题

发布时间：2018-11-11 20:58

【摘要】：俄裔美国作家弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫（Vladimir Nabokov1899-1977）是二十世纪最重要的文学家之一。他凭借《洛丽塔》征服了世界文坛，所著的《微暗的火》被称为“本世纪最伟大的艺术品之一”。他的作品风格独特、形式多样，，其跨文化写作的独特身份也决定了他的作品的多元化特征。本文以文化身份问题作为研究纳博科夫小说《微暗的火》的切入点，重点分析了小说中的人物在身份建构、身份追寻和身份危机中的种种焦虑与矛盾，探索了作品中主人公金波特在人生追求的各个阶段的心理变化与精神内核。论文主体从四个方面展开，以“诉求与焦虑”、“流亡与追寻”、“反观与消解”、“归属与意义”为重点，分析了个体身份在构建过程中的内涵，主要内容如下：第一章讨论了小说人物对于自身身份诉求的过程中的焦虑与恐惧。主人公金波特作为流亡者，他所代表的异质文化在美国主流文化背景下，始终无法拥有属于自己的话语权。正是在这样的身份困惑中，他对自身的文化身份归属产生了焦虑和恐惧。第二章揭示了作者纳博科夫的双重文化身份对作品的深层影响以及由此产生的人物在身份追寻中所遭遇的精神困境。纳博科夫如同一只流亡的“蝴蝶”，飞舞在俄罗斯文化与美国文化的交界地带中，他的小说也因此呈现出一名流散作家在身份重塑中的精神疑惑。而在作品中，金波特流亡生涯的实质是一种精神上的流浪，他追求自我理想的失败使得其身份特质也体现出疏离与困惑。第三章探寻了小说在元叙事与碎片化叙事模式的反照下，身份特质也被剥离成不可靠，甚至是错位的状态。一直以来，《微暗的火》都以艺术形式的独特著称，而将身份认同放在叙事的形式原则中，也是本文的创新之处。最后一章将身份认同的归属及意义放进了纳氏艺术的精神依托——彼岸世界中来探讨作品中蕴含的自我意识的自由审美维度。我们在认定金波特的身份图式永远是双重的、矛盾的同时，也会认识到无论这种矛盾、焦虑如何扩大，身份的意义总是在追求一种精神的自由，总是在守卫着那属于自我的真实世界。总之，笔者以后殖民主义理论、后现代主义理论以及叙事学等多种批评理论为依据，以纳博科夫长篇代表作《微暗的火》为研究对象，试图彰显出小说独具特色的文本魅力，并且结合人物身份建构的独特内涵来挖掘纳氏艺术的精神特质。
[Abstract]:Russian-American writer Vladimir Nabokov1899-1977 is one of the most important writers in the 20 th century. With Lolita, he conquered the world's literary world, and his novel Fire of Darkness was described as "one of the greatest works of art of this century." His works are unique in style and diverse in form. His unique identity in cross-cultural writing also determines the diversity of his works. This paper takes the question of cultural identity as the starting point to study Nabokov's novel "the Fire of the Shadow", and analyzes the anxiety and contradiction of the characters in the novel in identity construction, identity pursuit and identity crisis. This paper explores the psychological changes and spiritual core of the protagonist Kingport in all stages of his life. This paper focuses on four aspects: "pursuit and anxiety", "exile and pursuit", "reflection and resolution", "ownership and significance", and analyzes the connotation of individual identity in the process of construction. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter discusses the anxiety and fear of the characters about their identity. As exiles, the heterogeneous culture represented by the protagonist, under the background of American mainstream culture, has never been able to have his own right of speech. It is in this identity confusion that he has anxiety and fear about his own cultural identity. The second chapter reveals the deep influence of Nabokov's double cultural identity on the works and the spiritual dilemma encountered by the characters in the pursuit of identity. Nabokov is like an exiled butterfly, flying in the border of Russian culture and American culture. In his works, the essence of his exiled career is a kind of spiritual vagrancy. His failure in pursuing his own ideal makes his identity characteristic reflect alienation and confusion. The third chapter explores the novel in the meta narrative and fragmented narrative mode, identity is also stripped into unreliable, or even misplaced state. The light fire is always famous for its unique artistic form, and it is the innovation of this paper to put identity in the principle of narrative form. In the last chapter, the attribution and significance of identity are put into the spiritual support of Na's art-the other side of the world to explore the aesthetic dimension of self-consciousness contained in the works. When we decide that Kingport's identity schema is always twofold and contradictory, we will realize that no matter how this contradiction, anxiety expands, the meaning of identity is always in pursuit of a spiritual freedom. Always guarding the real world that belongs to the self. In a word, on the basis of the theories of colonialism, postmodernism and narratology, the author tries to show the unique charm of the novel by taking Nabokov's long masterpiece, the Fire of the faint, as the object of study. And combined with the unique connotation of character identity construction to explore the spiritual characteristics of Na's art.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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