麦克尤思小说《赎罪》的伦理批评

发布时间：2018-11-28 20:04

【摘要】：伊恩·麦克尤恩是英国当代小说家的一位杰出代表，他的早期作品往往涉及一些诸如谋杀、死亡、乱伦等黑暗阴森的敏感话题，因而被冠以“阴森的麦克尤恩”头衔。然而，自20世纪80年代中期以来，他的写作开始更多地关注政治、社会问题，写作的视野也极大地拓展，表现出巨大的艺术潜力。进入新千年以来，麦克尤恩又以一部名为《赎罪》的长篇小说获得评论界和读者界的双重好评。在世纪之交，麦克尤恩回顾了上个世纪的战争对人类造成的创伤，在宏大的历史背景之下，对人性展开了严肃的拷问，对于战争与爱情、人性的善与恶进行了发人深思的质询。在麦克尤恩的小说序列中，《赎罪》无疑占据了一个独特而重要的位置。除去引言和结语部分，本文正文分为三章。引言部分首先对麦克尤恩及《赎罪》作了简要介绍，其次对国内外学术界关于《赎罪》的研究进行了细致梳理，在此基础上，提出本文研究的意义。接着对论文中涉及的关键术语作了解释，以方便论文的讨论。引言的最后部分介绍了本文的观点和结构安排。第一章简述贯穿小说的一个中心主题：对人性的探究。从这个主题开始，该章首先结合小说，对人性中的恶进行了分类讨论，其次，对于赎罪这一母题在文学史上进行了梳理，在此基础上，对布里奥尼的赎罪之旅在现实世界和虚拟世界分别进行了探讨。第二章是对《赎罪》内容的探讨。本章分别从家庭、爱情、阶级、写作四个方面探讨了小说中出现的主要伦理现象，包括家庭结构之失、爱情之坚强与脆弱、阶级偏见、写作悖论。该章在文本细读的基础上，以伦理批评的视野审视这些伦理现象，并分析其出现的原因。第三章是对《赎罪》形式的研究。本章对小说的叙事伦理进行了探讨，归纳了小说中出现的一些叙事策略，主要包括多角度叙事、不可靠叙事、文本的内嵌，着重从小说的叙事策略方面探讨了小说体现的个体伦理和伦理困境。结论部分对《赎罪》的主要文体风格进行了回顾，指出作家在继承英国文学重视道德传统的基础上，在新的时代背景下，注入了更多的后现代元素，使得小说的解读呈现多元化特征，并重申了论文对小说主题、内容、形式的研究。
[Abstract]:Ian McEwan is an outstanding representative of contemporary British novelists. His early works often involve dark and insidious sensitive topics such as murder, death, incest and so on. However, since the mid-1980s, his writing began to pay more attention to political and social problems, and his writing field of vision has expanded greatly, showing great artistic potential. Since the beginning of the new millennium, McEwan has won double acclaim from critics and readers for a novel called Atonement. At the turn of the century, McEwan reviewed the trauma caused by the war in the last century to human beings. Under the grand historical background, he began serious torture of human nature, and made a thought-provoking inquiry into war and love, the good and evil of human nature. In McEwan's novel sequence, Atonement undoubtedly occupies a unique and important position. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into three chapters. The introduction first introduces McEwan and Atonement briefly, and then makes a detailed review of the research on Atonement in the academic circles at home and abroad. On the basis of this, the significance of this study is put forward. Then the key terms involved in the paper are explained to facilitate the discussion of the paper. The last part of the introduction introduces the viewpoint and structure of this paper. The first chapter briefly describes a central theme throughout the novel: the exploration of human nature. Starting from this theme, the chapter first classifies the evil in human nature with the novel, secondly, combs the motif of atonement in the history of literature, and on this basis, This paper discusses Briony's atonement trip in the real world and the virtual world. The second chapter discusses the content of Atonement. This chapter discusses the main ethical phenomena in the novel from four aspects: family, love, class and writing, including the loss of family structure, the strength and vulnerability of love, class prejudice, and the paradox of writing. On the basis of careful reading of the text, this chapter examines these ethical phenomena from the perspective of ethical criticism and analyzes the reasons for their appearance. The third chapter is the study of the form of Atonement. In this chapter, the narrative ethics of the novel is discussed, and some narrative strategies appear in the novel are summarized, including multi-angle narration, unreliable narrative, embedded text, and so on. This paper probes into the individual ethics and ethical dilemma embodied in the novel from the narrative strategy of the novel. The conclusion part reviews the main stylistic styles of Atonement, and points out that on the basis of inheriting the moral tradition of English literature and under the background of the new era, the writer has injected more post-modern elements. It makes the interpretation of the novel pluralistic, and restates the study of the theme, content and form of the novel.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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