从关联论分析《爱玛》中主人公之间的误解
发布时间：2019-02-16 15:39
【摘要】：言语交际是人类最普遍的社会现象之一。误解作为言语交际过程中不可避免的现象,越来越受到语言学家们的关注。但结合文学文本从关联理论角度对误解这一现象进行研究的并不多见。作者正是以这个为切入点,以奥斯丁小说《爱玛》里主人公之间的误解为研究语料,阐述误解产生的各种原因,并基于主人公之间的误解进一步分析了主要人物的性格特征,为更好地理解和欣赏这部小说提供了可能。 关联理论是本文的支撑理论,它是认知语用学的核心理论,拥有三个核心概念,即明示推理,最佳关联和认知语境。在斯波博(Sperber)和威尔森(Wilson)看来,言语交际是一个明示——推理过程。又依据最佳关联的假设,明示刺激就是与说话者的偏好和能力相适应的最有相关的那句话。而关联理论语境是与传统语境不同的概念。它是一种心理结构,是听话者关于世界的假设的子集,是动态发展的。这些核心概念都为误解现象的解释提供了可能。 因为言语交际中存在误解主体的个体差异,特别是“认知语境”的差异和自然条件无法控制,作者没有采用实验方法,而是采用理论阐释和语料分析相结合的研究方法,即在对会话语料进行定性分析后得出研究结果。其做法是先定义所要描写的对象,接着用定性的方法从小说中挑选出误解性语料。 通过本研究,作者发现,关联理论原则非常适合用来解释误解现象,即使是小说中主人公之间的误解。根据关联理论,交际是一个明示推理的心理过程。说话者不恰当的明示与听话者错误的推理都会导致误解。又因为听话者理解说话者言语的过程是一个寻找最佳关联的过程,当听话者最终选择的意思与说话者意欲表达的意思不一致时,也会产生误解。此外,听话者对话语语境的不恰当运用也容易导致谈话者之间的误解。但由于言语交际的复杂性,人们之间的误解,包括小说人物间的误解并不单纯是由某种因素引起的,而是社会、语言、心理等各种因素共同起作用的结果。 本文运用关联理论,分析了小说《爱玛》中的误解性语料,探讨了误解产生的深层原因,在一定程度上拓展了关联理论的应用范围。本研究也使读者进一步加深了对小说《爱玛》的了解与欣赏,对现实生活言语交际中误解的规避也具有一定的启示意义。
[Abstract]:Verbal communication is one of the most common social phenomena. As an inevitable phenomenon in the process of verbal communication, misunderstanding has been paid more and more attention by linguists. However, it is rare to study the phenomenon of misunderstanding from the angle of relevance theory combined with literary texts. Taking this as the starting point and taking the misunderstanding among the protagonists in Austen's novel Emma as the research corpus, the author expounds the causes of the misunderstanding, and further analyzes the character characteristics of the main characters based on the misunderstanding among the protagonists. It is possible to better understand and appreciate the novel. Relevance theory is the supporting theory of this paper. It is the core theory of cognitive pragmatics. It has three core concepts: ostensive-inferential, optimal relevance and cognitive context. According to Spob (Sperber) and Wilson (Wilson), verbal communication is an ostensive-inferential process. According to the hypothesis of optimal relevance, explicit stimulus is the most relevant sentence that adapts to the speaker's preference and ability. The context of relevance theory is different from the traditional context. It is a psychological structure, a subset of the hearer's assumptions about the world and a dynamic development. These core concepts provide the possibility for the interpretation of misunderstanding. Because there are individual differences in the subject of misunderstanding in verbal communication, especially the difference of "cognitive context" and the uncontrollable natural conditions, the author does not adopt the experimental method, but adopts the research method of combining theoretical interpretation with corpus analysis. That is, after qualitative analysis of conversational corpus, the research results are obtained. The method is to first define the object to be described, and then select the misleading corpus from the novel by qualitative method. Through this study, the author finds that the relevance theory principle is very suitable to explain misunderstanding, even among the protagonists in the novel. According to relevance theory, communication is an ostensive-inferential psychological process. The improper expression of the speaker and the wrong reasoning of the hearer can lead to misunderstanding. Because the process of hearer's understanding of the speaker's speech is a process of searching for the best relevance, there will be misunderstandings when the hearer's final choice of meaning is inconsistent with the intended meaning of the speaker. In addition, the improper use of utterance context also leads to misunderstanding among the speakers. However, due to the complexity of verbal communication, the misunderstanding between people, including the characters in novels, is not only caused by some factors, but also the result of social, linguistic, psychological and other factors. Based on the relevance theory, this paper analyzes the misunderstanding corpus in the novel Emma, probes into the underlying causes of the misunderstanding, and to some extent expands the scope of application of the relevance theory. This study also makes readers understand and appreciate the novel Emma further, and it has some enlightening significance for the avoidance of misunderstanding in real life speech communication.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2424587
[Abstract]:Verbal communication is one of the most common social phenomena. As an inevitable phenomenon in the process of verbal communication, misunderstanding has been paid more and more attention by linguists. However, it is rare to study the phenomenon of misunderstanding from the angle of relevance theory combined with literary texts. Taking this as the starting point and taking the misunderstanding among the protagonists in Austen's novel Emma as the research corpus, the author expounds the causes of the misunderstanding, and further analyzes the character characteristics of the main characters based on the misunderstanding among the protagonists. It is possible to better understand and appreciate the novel. Relevance theory is the supporting theory of this paper. It is the core theory of cognitive pragmatics. It has three core concepts: ostensive-inferential, optimal relevance and cognitive context. According to Spob (Sperber) and Wilson (Wilson), verbal communication is an ostensive-inferential process. According to the hypothesis of optimal relevance, explicit stimulus is the most relevant sentence that adapts to the speaker's preference and ability. The context of relevance theory is different from the traditional context. It is a psychological structure, a subset of the hearer's assumptions about the world and a dynamic development. These core concepts provide the possibility for the interpretation of misunderstanding. Because there are individual differences in the subject of misunderstanding in verbal communication, especially the difference of "cognitive context" and the uncontrollable natural conditions, the author does not adopt the experimental method, but adopts the research method of combining theoretical interpretation with corpus analysis. That is, after qualitative analysis of conversational corpus, the research results are obtained. The method is to first define the object to be described, and then select the misleading corpus from the novel by qualitative method. Through this study, the author finds that the relevance theory principle is very suitable to explain misunderstanding, even among the protagonists in the novel. According to relevance theory, communication is an ostensive-inferential psychological process. The improper expression of the speaker and the wrong reasoning of the hearer can lead to misunderstanding. Because the process of hearer's understanding of the speaker's speech is a process of searching for the best relevance, there will be misunderstandings when the hearer's final choice of meaning is inconsistent with the intended meaning of the speaker. In addition, the improper use of utterance context also leads to misunderstanding among the speakers. However, due to the complexity of verbal communication, the misunderstanding between people, including the characters in novels, is not only caused by some factors, but also the result of social, linguistic, psychological and other factors. Based on the relevance theory, this paper analyzes the misunderstanding corpus in the novel Emma, probes into the underlying causes of the misunderstanding, and to some extent expands the scope of application of the relevance theory. This study also makes readers understand and appreciate the novel Emma further, and it has some enlightening significance for the avoidance of misunderstanding in real life speech communication.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074
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