《草叶集》的超验主义解读

发布时间：2019-02-27 06:48

【摘要】：沃尔特·惠特曼是一名美国诗人,他被誉为“美国歌手”。作为一名诗人,他与之前的其他诗人都有所不同,其他的诗人继承了欧洲特别是英国的诗作风格,而惠特曼大胆创新,不论在诗歌内容上还是形式上都独具特色。他写了大量歌颂精神力量,歌颂自然,歌颂个人力量的诗歌,在诗歌形式上,他不重视韵律,广泛使用自由体,因而,他也被成为“自由体诗歌之父”。在他的有生之年,他的诗歌并未得到大量的关注与欢迎,《草叶集》遭遇了不少的误解和批评。在他的垂暮之年,美国乃至全世界的广大人民才逐渐了解到了《草叶集》中诗歌的价值。惠特曼也被誉为“最具美国特色的诗人”。学者从女性主义、民主、生态批评、意象主义等方面分析并研究了《草叶集》这部诗集。这体现出了这部诗集在内容,写作形式上丰富的艺术价值。本篇论文从超验主义的角度分析《草叶集》,旨在使读者达到对《草叶集》更深入、更广泛的认识和理解。本文由引言、第一章、第二章、第三章、第四章以及结语六个部分组成。引言综述全篇论文,展现论文思路,论点和相关论据以及论文的研究意义。第一章简述超验主义及其对美国文学的影响。这一章将囊括以下内容：历史背景,起源及对美国文学发展的影响。进而更好的将其与对《草叶集》的研究相结合。第二章,第三章和第四章探讨《草叶集》中超验主义思想的一体现。即：重视精神,重视自然,重视个人。这三方面各自独立,又浑然一体。在第一章,作者分析了《草叶集》诗作中体现出的“精神”和“灵魂”思想。包括“超灵”和“个人灵魂”的结合,“灵魂”与“肉体”的结合。在第二章,作者探讨了《草叶集》中自然元素的广泛运用以及其深刻的意象。惠特曼热爱大自然,歌颂大自然,《草叶集》中包含了为数众多的自然元素,这些自然元素都有着更深的含义和广泛的意象。他的这些特色都可以被看作是超验主义精神的体现。第三章,作者展现了《草叶集》中诗作所体现出的个人主义思想,包括惠特曼对“肉体”和“灵魂”的歌颂,以及超验主义者们和惠特曼理解下的“完美的独立个体”。在结语部分,通过结合超验主义的相关概念来阐述《草叶集》的现实意义。惠特曼以及超验主义者们对人类以及世界拥有着先进的、卓越的思想和认识,即使是在今天,超验主义和《草叶集》中的思想,如对自然的理解和热爱,对“个人主义”的解读,对“精神”以及对“灵魂”的重视,仍然是值得深入学习和研究的。在平衡人与自然的关系,以及平衡外部世界和精神世界的关系方面,这样的研究有着深刻的意义。
[Abstract]:Walter Whitman, an American poet, is known as an American singer. As a poet, he was different from other poets before him. Other poets inherited the style of European poetry, especially British poetry, and Whitman was bold and innovative, both in content and form. He wrote a great deal of poems about spiritual power, nature and personal power. In the form of poetry, he did not attach importance to rhythm and widely used free form, so he was also "the father of free style poetry". In his lifetime, his poetry has not received a lot of attention and welcome, and there have been a lot of misunderstandings and criticisms in the Collection of leaves. In his twilight years, the people of the United States and all over the world gradually realized the value of poetry in the Collection of Leafs. Whitman was also hailed as the most American poet. Scholars analyze and study this collection of poems from the aspects of feminism, democracy, ecological criticism, imagism and so on. This reflects the rich artistic value of the poetry collection in its content and writing form. In this paper, from the perspective of transcendentalism, the purpose of this paper is to make the reader have a deeper and wider understanding of the grass leaf set. This paper consists of six parts: introduction, chapter one, chapter two, chapter three, chapter four and conclusion. The introduction summarizes the whole thesis, showing the ideas, arguments and related arguments, as well as the research significance of the thesis. The first chapter briefly describes transcendentalism and its influence on American literature. This chapter will include the following: historical background, origin and impact on the development of American literature. Furthermore, it is better combined with the study of "Grass Leaf set". The second chapter, the third chapter and the fourth chapter discuss the embodiment of transcendentalism in the Collection of Grass leaves. That is: attach importance to the spirit, pay attention to nature, attach importance to the individual. These three aspects are independent and integrated. In the first chapter, the author analyzes the thought of spirit and soul in the anthology of grass leaves. It includes the combination of "superspirit" and "individual soul", "soul" and "body". In the second chapter, the author discusses the extensive use of natural elements and their profound images. Whitman loves nature, praises nature and contains a large number of natural elements, all of which have a deeper meaning and a wide range of images. All of his characteristics can be seen as a manifestation of the spirit of transcendentalism. In the third chapter, the author shows the individualistic thoughts embodied in the poems in the Collection of leaves, including Whitman's praises of "body" and "soul", as well as the "perfect independent individual" understood by the transcendentalists and Whitman. In the conclusion part, through the combination of transcendentalism related concepts to illustrate the practical significance of "grass leaf set". Whitman and Transcendentalists have advanced and remarkable ideas and understandings of humanity and of the world, even today, transcendentalism and the ideas of the Thrones, such as the understanding and love of nature, The interpretation of individualism, the spirit and the soul are still worthy of further study and study. Such a study is of profound significance in balancing the relationship between man and nature, as well as between the external world and the spiritual world.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.072

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