易卜生后期剧作中男性形象的伦理探究

发布时间：2019-04-12 12:35

【摘要】：亨里克·约翰·易卜生是19世纪挪威著名的戏剧家,也是一位极具伦理意识的思想家,他的戏剧创作很多都蕴含着丰富的伦理内涵。本文以易卜生后期戏剧中的男性形象为主要研究对象,从伦理的角度对这些男性形象进行解读,把男性形象放置在个体、家庭、社会等多个层面进行伦理关照,从其承担的伦理身份和所遭遇的伦理困境及经历过的伦理创痛进行分析,进而探究出这些男性形象所折射的伦理意义和价值。文章分为三大部分,第一部分把男性形象放置在家庭伦理视角下,从其承担的父亲身份这个角度进行解读。因为在当时的父权制社会,男性形象在家庭中的权威地位首先是以父亲身份得以确立和延续的,再者易卜生剧作中写到很多父亲形象及其父亲与子女的关系问题。这里主要阐释了三种父亲类型,这几类父亲形象既各具特色,又有联系和发展。他们既与当时特定的社会历史环境密切相关,也是易卜生本人对自身伦理身份定位思考的一个折射。易卜生的戏剧具有很复杂的伦理关系和纠葛,第二部分则把男性形象放在两性关系当中去考察,从其承担的丈夫形象、情人形象、孩童形象等三种伦理身份和角色中,去探究这些男性形象的特质及其所遭遇的诸如婚姻危机、恋爱困境、家庭失衡等伦理困境,并进而分析出易卜生本人对爱情、婚姻、家庭等伦理问题的看法。首先是要以真爱和自由做为婚恋的最基本前提,易卜生在剧作中给我们展示了这些男性形象由于对真情的压抑和漠视,进而对两性所产生的毁灭性创痛。再者在自我实现的追求中,既要对自我负责,更要对他人负责,恋爱困境、婚姻危机的产生往往是由于过于专注自我的实现,或直接或间接地成为扼杀别人幸福的刽子手。最后是要辩证地看待孩童形象和婚恋幸福问题,孩童形象是夫妻关系是否和谐、家庭生活是否幸福的晴雨表,受创痛的孩童形象既是不幸婚恋的产物,更进一步激化了夫妻关系和家庭婚姻的不幸,暴露了婚姻问题中存在的诸多问题。第三部分是男性形象的伦理思考,既探讨了男性形象在个体追求、婚姻家庭、社会意义等三个层面上的意义和价值,又进一步分析了易卜生后期剧作笔下这些男性形象的伦理内涵来源。总而言之,易卜生后期剧作中的男性形象有着共同的心理特质——创痛,这些男性形象不仅在各种创痛事件中,也在伦理身份和伦理困境的抉择中展示着人生的意义和追求,他们身上不可避免地打上了易卜生本人生平经历的烙印,更重要的是他们身上也寄予着易卜生本人关于家庭伦理观的审美理想和建构。
[Abstract]:Henryk John Ibsen is a famous Norwegian dramatist in the 19th century and a thinker with great ethical consciousness. Many of his plays contain rich ethical connotations. This article takes the male image in Ibsen's later drama as the main research object, interprets the male image from the ethical angle, places the male image in the individual, the family, the society and so on to carry on the ethical care. Based on the analysis of his ethical identity, ethical dilemma and ethical pain, this paper probes into the ethical significance and value reflected by these male images. The article is divided into three parts. The first part puts the male image in the perspective of family ethics and interprets it from the angle of paternity. Because in the patriarchal society at that time, the authoritative position of the male image in the family was firstly established and continued as a father. In Ibsen's plays, many images of the father and the relationship between the father and the children were mentioned. This paper mainly explains the three types of fathers, which have their own characteristics, and are related and developed. They are not only closely related to the specific social and historical environment at that time, but also a reflection of Ibsen's own ethical identity. Ibsen's drama has complicated ethical relations and entanglements. In the second part, the male image is put into the relationship between the sexes, from the three ethical identities and roles: husband image, lover image, child image, and so on. This paper explores the characteristics of these male images and their ethical dilemmas, such as marital crisis, love dilemma, family imbalance, etc., and then analyzes Ibsen's views on the ethical issues of love, marriage, family and so on. The first is to take true love and freedom as the most basic premise of marriage and love, Ibsen shows us in the drama these male images because of the suppression and disregard of true feelings, and then the devastating pain to both sexes. Moreover, in the pursuit of self-realization, not only to self-responsibility, but also to others, love difficulties, marriage crisis is often due to too much focus on self-realization, or directly or indirectly to become the executioner of other people's happiness. Finally, it is necessary to dialectically view the image of the child and the happiness of marriage and love. The image of the child is the barometer of the harmonious relationship between husband and wife, whether the family life is happy or not, and the image of the child suffering from pain is not only the product of unhappy marriage and love, It further intensifies the misfortune of husband-wife relationship and family marriage, and exposes many problems in marriage. The third part is the ethical thinking of the male image, which not only discusses the significance and value of the male image on the three levels of individual pursuit, marriage and family, social significance, etc. It further analyzes the ethical connotation of these male images in Ibsen's later dramas. In a word, the male images in Ibsen's later plays have the same psychological characteristics-creating pain. These male images show the meaning and pursuit of life not only in various traumatic events, but also in the choice of ethical identity and ethical dilemma. They were inevitably branded with Ibsen's life experience and, more importantly, they also placed on Ibsen's aesthetic ideal and construction of family ethics.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I533.073

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