浅析克劳斯曼作品中的同性恋情结
发布时间：2019-05-08 06:24
【摘要】：克劳斯海因里希曼是20世纪德国伟大的作家之一，特殊的社会经历，造就了他思想的独特性.他以切身的经历和独特的视角对社会进行观察和解剖，其创作中一直表现出对同性恋者身处困境的原因探究，对同性恋命运的思考，具有高度的人道主义价值。他的三部以同性恋为题材的小说，《圣舞》、《悲怆交响曲》、《火山》，更是对同性恋者的处境和命运作出了分析，，具有高度的社会文化价值。 其小说主题丰富多元，可以从多种角度进行解读，但在中国对于其小说的研究还不甚丰富。作为托马斯曼作品中不容忽略的一个组成部分，同性恋情结的出现一方面与作者自身的经历密切相关，另一方面从作者的审美视角出发也对其作品的铺陈叙述起着重要作用。因此本论文首先欲以克劳斯曼本人的同性恋性取向作为切入点，整体解读介绍其三部著名的同性恋小说作品。 接着笔者运用了男性中心“凝视”理论，即从全能视角出发将男性永远设定为凝视的对象。长久以来，创作者在创作时都会约定俗成地将男性作为观看的主体，那么相对地，在这些文艺作品中，被观看的客体对象均无一例外地由女性来担当，这就是拉康站在纯粹的男性中心主义的立场上所提出的“凝视”理论。而随着性别意识的觉醒和女权运动的蓬勃兴起，男性作为客体的新“凝视”理论出现，这可谓是对拉康凝视观的革命性挑战，也是对文艺创作的一大启迪。它意味着文艺作品中的凝视对象终于不再是女性的“专利”，男性同样可以处于客体位置上接受观看和凝视。由此笔者归纳出了克劳斯曼在主流异性恋文本的遮蔽下从事同性恋文本创作的具体手法。在凝视对象上，他完成了由女性至男性的性别转换，且将男性同性恋群体作为该转变所针对的目标人群。 同时，随着社会的发展，酷儿理论兴起了，它是20世纪90年代在西方兴起的新的性理论。“酷儿”指的是在文化中所有非常态的表达方式，是所有在性倾向方面与主流文化和占统治地位的社会性别规范或性规范不符的人。酷儿理论提出的一些关于性的观点，颠覆了长期以来异性恋的性理论，冲击了占主流思想的性观点。于是同性恋者开始走上反对这种在权力的管制下，以异性恋为绝对主流的异性恋霸权之路。笔者在此，利用酷儿理论分析了克劳斯曼小说中同性恋人物对于世俗的不屈反抗，即消解了社会关于性别和身份的固定设置，进而解构了异性恋霸权。 克劳斯曼的同性恋文本抒发了幽微隐秘的同性情感，为解读其小说提供了全新的视角和思路，同时也揭示出作品的深层意蕴和作者的真实创作意图。
[Abstract]:Klaus Heinrich was one of the great German writers in the 20th century. His special social experience made his thought unique. He observed and dissected the society from a personal experience and a unique angle of view. In his creation, he has always shown a high humanitarian value in exploring the causes of the plight of homosexuals and thinking about the fate of homosexuality. His three novels about homosexuality, such as "Holy Dance", "Sorrowful Symphony" and "Volcano", have made an analysis of the situation and fate of homosexuals with high sociocultural value. The theme of his novel is rich and diverse, which can be interpreted from a variety of perspectives, but the study of his novel in China is not very rich. As an important part of Thomas Mann's works, the appearance of homosexuality complex is closely related to the author's own experience, on the other hand, it also plays an important role in the narrative of his works from the aesthetic perspective of the author. Therefore, this thesis first attempts to introduce Klausman's three famous homosexual novels by taking his homosexual sexual orientation as the starting point. Then the author uses the male-centered "gaze" theory, that is, from the all-around perspective, the man will always be the object of gaze. For a long time, creators have customarily regarded men as the subject of viewing in their creation. In contrast, in these literary and artistic works, the object objects to be watched are, without exception, taken on by women. This is Lacan's "gaze" theory from a purely masculine standpoint. With the awakening of gender consciousness and the vigorous rise of feminist movement, the new "gaze" theory of men as object appears, which can be described as a revolutionary challenge to Lacan's gazing view and a great enlightenment to literary and artistic creation. It means that the object of gazing in literary and artistic works is no longer a "patent" of women, and that men can also be viewed and stared at in the position of object. From this, the author sums up Clausman's concrete techniques of writing homosexual texts under the cover of mainstream heterosexual texts. On the subject of gaze, he completed the gender transition from female to male, and made gay men the target of the transition. At the same time, with the development of society, the theory of Cool emerged. It is a new sex theory which rose in the west in the 90's of the 20 ~ (th) century. "Cool" refers to all abnormal forms of expression in the culture, all those who are inconsistent with the mainstream culture and the dominant gender norms or sexual norms in terms of sexual orientation. Some views about sex put forward by Cool's theory subverted the heterosexual sex theory for a long time and impacted the sex viewpoint which dominated the mainstream thought. So gays and lesbians began to oppose the heterosexual hegemony under the control of power, taking heterosexuality as the absolute mainstream. In this paper, the author analyzes the indomitable resistance of homosexual characters in Krausmann's novels against the secular, that is, dispels the fixed setting of gender and identity in the society, and then deconstructs heterosexual hegemony. Klausman's homosexual text expresses the subtle same-sex emotion, which provides a new perspective and train of thought for the interpretation of his novel. At the same time, it also reveals the deep meaning of the work and the author's true intention of creation.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I516.074
本文编号：2471686
[Abstract]:Klaus Heinrich was one of the great German writers in the 20th century. His special social experience made his thought unique. He observed and dissected the society from a personal experience and a unique angle of view. In his creation, he has always shown a high humanitarian value in exploring the causes of the plight of homosexuals and thinking about the fate of homosexuality. His three novels about homosexuality, such as "Holy Dance", "Sorrowful Symphony" and "Volcano", have made an analysis of the situation and fate of homosexuals with high sociocultural value. The theme of his novel is rich and diverse, which can be interpreted from a variety of perspectives, but the study of his novel in China is not very rich. As an important part of Thomas Mann's works, the appearance of homosexuality complex is closely related to the author's own experience, on the other hand, it also plays an important role in the narrative of his works from the aesthetic perspective of the author. Therefore, this thesis first attempts to introduce Klausman's three famous homosexual novels by taking his homosexual sexual orientation as the starting point. Then the author uses the male-centered "gaze" theory, that is, from the all-around perspective, the man will always be the object of gaze. For a long time, creators have customarily regarded men as the subject of viewing in their creation. In contrast, in these literary and artistic works, the object objects to be watched are, without exception, taken on by women. This is Lacan's "gaze" theory from a purely masculine standpoint. With the awakening of gender consciousness and the vigorous rise of feminist movement, the new "gaze" theory of men as object appears, which can be described as a revolutionary challenge to Lacan's gazing view and a great enlightenment to literary and artistic creation. It means that the object of gazing in literary and artistic works is no longer a "patent" of women, and that men can also be viewed and stared at in the position of object. From this, the author sums up Clausman's concrete techniques of writing homosexual texts under the cover of mainstream heterosexual texts. On the subject of gaze, he completed the gender transition from female to male, and made gay men the target of the transition. At the same time, with the development of society, the theory of Cool emerged. It is a new sex theory which rose in the west in the 90's of the 20 ~ (th) century. "Cool" refers to all abnormal forms of expression in the culture, all those who are inconsistent with the mainstream culture and the dominant gender norms or sexual norms in terms of sexual orientation. Some views about sex put forward by Cool's theory subverted the heterosexual sex theory for a long time and impacted the sex viewpoint which dominated the mainstream thought. So gays and lesbians began to oppose the heterosexual hegemony under the control of power, taking heterosexuality as the absolute mainstream. In this paper, the author analyzes the indomitable resistance of homosexual characters in Krausmann's novels against the secular, that is, dispels the fixed setting of gender and identity in the society, and then deconstructs heterosexual hegemony. Klausman's homosexual text expresses the subtle same-sex emotion, which provides a new perspective and train of thought for the interpretation of his novel. At the same time, it also reveals the deep meaning of the work and the author's true intention of creation.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I516.074
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 姜丽;走近克劳斯·曼[J];外国文学;1999年05期
2 漓江;克劳斯·曼的《悲怆交响曲》[J];外国文学;1998年02期
3 余凤高;一本书的命运——克劳斯·曼写《梅菲斯特》[J];名作欣赏;2001年04期
本文编号：2471686
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/wenyilunwen/wxchuangz/2471686.html
