大地的诉求:霍普金斯的自然诗与生态批评

发布时间：2019-06-16 16:01

【摘要】：霍普金斯自然诗的观点不仅应和了当下的生态批评理论,而且对其构成了有益的补充。生态批评抨击人类的话语权力,指出人类中心主义立场或者试图祛除自然背后神秘的精神存在,使之完全成为人类科学可以认知和操控的物质对象;或者使自然沦为人类的道德情感、宗教信仰、审美情趣等的表达,从而消减它本身的物质存在。霍普金斯的自然诗表面上与这两种人类中心主义态度相关,但他的诗正是对其的批判。一方面,霍普金斯对自然的观察和摹状受到当时科学发展的影响,但他没有以物质的细节否认超验精神的存在,将自然化约为博物学家的观察对象;另一方面,尽管宗教热情贯穿他的诗歌始终,但他却没有以对神的崇拜取消自然本身具体、生动的物质性。霍普金斯笔下的自然是一个宏大的圣礼仪式,自然与人都在以自身独特的物质存在来呈现耶稣这个终极的"他者"。尽管他的宗教立场未必能为我们所用,但与当下生态批评的负面批判多于正面诉求相比,霍普金斯的自然诗提供了一个自然与人和谐安居的可能。
[Abstract]:Hopkins' view of natural poetry not only responds to the current theory of ecological criticism, but also constitutes a useful supplement to it. Ecological criticism attacks human discourse power, points out that the position of humanitarianism or attempts to dispel the mysterious spiritual existence behind nature, so that it can completely become the material object that human science can recognize and manipulate, or make nature become the expression of human moral emotion, religious belief, aesthetic taste and so on, so as to reduce its own material existence. Hopkins' natural poems are ostensibly related to these two humanist attitudes, but his poems are criticism of them. On the one hand, Hopkins' observation and description of nature were influenced by the scientific development at that time, but he did not deny the existence of transcendental spirit with material details and turned naturalization into the object of naturalist observation; on the other hand, although religious enthusiasm ran through his poems, he did not cancel the concrete and vivid materiality of nature itself with the worship of God. Hopkins' nature is a grand sacrament ceremony, and nature and man are presenting Jesus as the ultimate "other" with their own unique material existence. Although his religious position may not be suitable for us, Hopkins' natural poetry provides a possibility of living in harmony with man, compared with the negative criticism of ecological criticism at present.
【作者单位】：对外经济贸易大学英语学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“谢默斯·希尼的诗歌比较研究”【项目批号:10CWW011】的阶段性成果对外经济贸易大学211工程三期“文学与文化资本研究创新团队”资助
【分类号】：I561.072

【相似文献】