中国戏曲表演教学现状的分析与思考

发布时间：2018-02-04 13:09

本文关键词： 戏曲教育教学现状教学方法分析思考　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：戏曲教学是戏曲传承的重要手段,早在唐代,政府便设有专门的歌舞艺术教学机构,在唐玄宗时期,就由政府设置教坊,这也是第一个由官方负责歌舞类教学演出的机构。在新中国成立以前,戏曲的核心教育目的较为明确,即是以演员能够熟练掌握基本功法并形成自由的戏曲程式塑造人物形象为目的,继而进行商业演出,从中获利。新中国成立之后,戏曲教学的目的发生了转变。戏曲作为传统文化的一个载体,戏曲演员除却进行成功的商演之外,更为重要的是传承传统文化。基于此种目的,新时期戏曲教育的模式必须有所改变。以前科班演员教学以谋生为目的。科班的教学制度较为严苛,为达到所要求的动作标准,训练过程中挑战人体承受能力的极限,教学手段较为单一粗暴。现今的戏曲教学主要以继承为主,在训练过程中,教学体系的建构更为尊重演员自身的条件,同时参考外国教学戏剧的训练方式,试图寻找更为科学的训练方法。然而在此建构过程中并非是一帆风顺的,因为戏曲艺术本身的特殊性决定了教育者和受教育者(师父和徒弟之间)依然存在着师徒关系,教学手段依然是以口传心授为主,虽然口传心授有利于戏曲绝活、高难度技术技巧绝技的传承,但依旧同标准化教学建构相矛盾。本文主要以历史学的方法分别对传统戏曲教学以及当代戏曲教学的历程进行一个考察。以及田野考察法深入戏曲表演教学课堂,亲身经历戏曲教学。了解当代戏曲教学的具体流程。第一章在引言中明确了选题的学术背景和研究意义以及国内外研究现状。第二章梳理了唐宋元明清的戏曲教学的机构、教学模式,分析家班、戏班的教学样式。第三章梳理了近现代的戏曲的教学机构教学体系,分析现今专业戏曲院校的教学样式有哪些,主要的教学目的是什么。第四章对比分析传统戏曲教学同现代戏曲教学的教学机构、教学方式、教学内容、教学本质的区别,从而找出现行的戏曲教学模式同标准化教学建构相矛盾之处在哪里。第五章提出了对构建现代戏曲教学体系的构想。明确现代戏曲教学的培养目标,制定合理的教学大纲,区分高中生源同中专生源的教学方向,通过合理的教学计划达到培养综合型戏曲人才的目的。
[Abstract]:Opera teaching is an important means of opera inheritance, as early as the Tang Dynasty, the government has a special singing and dancing art teaching institutions, in the Tang Xuanzong period, the government set up teaching workshops. This is also the first official organization responsible for singing and dancing teaching. Before the founding of New China, the core educational purpose of opera was relatively clear. That is to say, the actor can master the basic skills skillfully and form a free opera program for the purpose of portraying characters, and then conduct a commercial performance, profit from it. After the founding of New China. The purpose of opera teaching has changed. Opera as a carrier of traditional culture, opera actors in addition to successful commercial performance, more important is to inherit the traditional culture. Based on this purpose. In the new period, the mode of opera education must be changed. In the past, the teaching of actors in science classes aimed at earning a living. The teaching system of science classes was more strict, in order to meet the required standards of action. In the process of training, the limit of human endurance is challenged, and the teaching method is relatively simple and rough. Nowadays, the traditional opera teaching is mainly inherited. In the course of training, the construction of teaching system is more respectful to the actors' own conditions. At the same time, referring to the training methods of foreign teaching drama, we try to find more scientific training methods. However, it is not smooth sailing in the construction process. Because of the particularity of the opera art itself, there is still a teacher-student relationship between the educator and the educatee (master and apprentice), and the teaching method is still oral instruction. Although oral instruction is conducive to the skills of opera, the inheritance of technical skills of high difficulty. However, it is still contradictory with the construction of standardized teaching. This paper mainly investigates the course of traditional opera teaching and contemporary opera teaching by the method of history, as well as the field study method to go deep into the classroom of opera performance teaching. . Experience opera teaching personally. Understand the specific process of contemporary opera teaching. The first chapter defines the academic background and research significance of the topic in the introduction. Chapter 2 combs the opera teaching in Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. A learning institution. The third chapter combs the teaching system of modern opera teaching institutions and analyzes the teaching styles of modern professional opera colleges. Chapter 4th compares the differences between traditional opera teaching and modern opera teaching, such as teaching organization, teaching method, teaching content and teaching essence. In order to find out where the contradiction between the current opera teaching mode and standardized teaching construction. Chapter 5th put forward the concept of constructing modern opera teaching system and clarify the training objectives of modern opera teaching. To draw up a reasonable teaching outline, to distinguish the teaching direction between the high school students and the secondary school students, and to train the comprehensive opera talents through the reasonable teaching plan.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G642;J812-4

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