江西九江采茶戏的调查与研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 20:49

本文选题：地方戏 + 采茶戏　；参考：《山西师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 采茶戏,是流行于江西、湖北、湖南、安徽、福建、广东、广西等省区的一种戏曲类别。在各省,每每还以流行的地区不同,而冠以各地的地名来加以区别。如广东的“粤北采茶戏”;广西的“桂南采茶戏”;福建的“闽西采茶戏”;湖北的“阳新采茶戏”、“黄梅采茶戏”、“蕲春采茶戏”等等。这些剧种虽然名目繁多,但它们形成的时间,大致都在清代中期至清代末年的这一阶段。他们的渊源大体相同,都是由采茶歌、采茶调,结合民间舞蹈,继而成为一种有人物和故事情节的民间小戏,并吸收其它的艺术营养逐渐发展而来的。采茶戏,尤以江西较为普遍,剧种繁多,遍及全省的各个地区。江西采茶戏的剧种,分东南西北中五路,每路采茶均具有浓郁的地域特色,九江采茶戏就是赣北地区的特色剧种。九江采茶戏,原名茶灯戏,进入“半班”以后,更名为采茶戏,民间俗称“茶戏”。最早萌芽于“茶歌”,即“采茶调”。由“采茶歌”发展到“采茶灯”,由“采茶灯”发展到“采茶戏”,经历了“茶灯戏”、“三脚班”、“半班”等阶段,进而发展成一很有特色的地方剧种。因其唱腔轻柔甜美、婉转动听,又有“糯米采茶”之称。其主要的流行地区有瑞昌、九江、湖口、彭泽、德安、都昌等县。九江采茶戏,属于板腔体音乐结构,其唱腔主要分平板类、花腔类、汉腔类和杂调类四种。传统的演出形式是没有“文场”伴奏的,只有武场的演出,最初期的武场只有两个场面,即“司鼓”和“夹手”。演出形式只用打击乐器伴奏以及众人应和帮腔,不用丝竹乐器。九江采茶戏是“漏板”起唱,俗称“漏板采茶”,与武宁采茶戏的“顶板”起唱不同。九江采茶戏表演简练朴实,生动灵活,诙谐有趣,生活气息浓烈,具有浓郁的地方特色。扇子、手帕、板凳是最常用的道具。小旦的手帕功,小丑的板凳功;小旦的碎步、扇花,小丑的矮子步等,均有特色。九江采茶戏传统剧目有“三十六大本,七十二小出”之说,与黄梅采茶戏、黄梅戏有很多相同之处。其民间戏班遍及九江地区,有不少享有名气的戏班,如九江县的戴山班子、李家榨班子等,也有专业剧团——瑞昌采茶剧团。还有众多的艺人,如李正红、杨开仟、邓见学等,对九江采茶戏的发展奉献毕生的精力和心血。九江采茶戏有过辉煌的历史,也遭受过时代的创伤,如今又面临着种种困境:剧目匮乏;人才难寻;观众的流失;经费紧张,包袱沉重等。但同时采茶戏也迎来戏曲改革的新浪潮,在文化的大繁荣与大发展的背景下,在政府的大力支持下,采茶戏的文艺工作者和艺人,积极地探索,发扬自主创新精神,力图为九江采茶戏的发展拓出一条阳光之路。
[Abstract]:Tea picking opera is a popular opera in Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces. In the provinces, they are often distinguished by popular geographical names. For example, Guangdong's "North Guangdong Tea picking Drama", Guangxi's "Southern Guangxi Tea picking Drama", Fujian "Minxi Tea picking Opera", Hubei "Yangxin Tea picking Opera", "Huang Mei Tea picking Opera", "Qichun Tea picking Drama" and so on. Although there are many kinds of plays, they were formed in the period from the middle of Qing Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty. Their origins are basically the same, by picking tea songs, tea picking, folk dance, and then become a kind of characters and storyline folk drama, and absorb other artistic nutrition gradually developed. Tea-picking drama, especially in Jiangxi Province, a wide range of plays, all over the province. Jiangxi tea-picking drama is divided into east, south and northwest five roads, each tea picking has rich regional characteristics, Jiujiang tea-picking drama is the characteristics of northern Jiangxi. Jiujiang tea-picking drama, formerly known as tea-lantern drama, into the "half-class", changed its name to tea-picking drama, folk commonly known as "tea drama." The earliest germination in the "Tea Song", that is, "the tone of tea." From "Tea picking Song" to "Tea picking Lantern" and from "Tea picking Lantern" to "Tea picking Opera", it has gone through the stages of "Tea Lantern Drama", "Tripod Class" and "half Class", and then developed into a distinctive local drama. Because of its soft and sweet singing, melodious, also known as "glutinous rice tea picking". Its main epidemic areas are Ruichang, Jiujiang, Hukou, Pengze, Dean, Duchang and other counties. Jiujiang tea-picking opera belongs to the music structure of board cavity, and its singing is mainly divided into four types: flat, flower, Han and miscellaneous. The traditional form of performance is not accompanied by "Wenchang", only the performance of Wuchang, the initial stage of only two scenes, that is, "Drum" and "clamping hands." Performance form only percussion instrument accompaniment and everyone to help, not silk bamboo instruments. Jiujiang tea-picking drama is called "leaky board" singing, which is different from Wuning tea picking drama "roof" singing. Jiujiang tea-picking performance is simple, vivid and flexible, witty and interesting, life is strong, with rich local characteristics. Fans, handkerchiefs and benches are the most commonly used props. Xiao Dan's handkerchief work, clown's bench work, small Dan's broken steps, fan flowers, clown's short steps, all have their own characteristics. Jiujiang tea-picking drama traditional repertoire has "36 copies, 72 small out" said, and Huang Mei tea drama, Huangmei opera has a lot in common. Its folk troupes in Jiujiang area, there are many well-known troupes, such as Jiujiang County Dishan team, Li Jiazhen team, but also a professional troupe-Ruichang tea troupe. There are also many artists, such as Li Zhenghong, Yang Kaiqian, Deng Jingxue, devoted to the development of Jiujiang tea opera. Jiujiang tea-picking drama has a glorious history, but also suffered from the trauma of the times. Now it is faced with various difficulties: lack of repertoire, hard to find talent, loss of audience, shortage of funds, heavy burden and so on. But at the same time, the tea-picking drama also ushered in a new wave of opera reform. Under the background of the great prosperity and development of culture, and with the strong support of the government, the writers and artists of the tea-picking drama actively explored and carried forward the spirit of independent innovation. Try to open up a sunny road for the development of Jiujiang tea-picking drama.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：J825

【引证文献】