蔚县古戏台调查研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 17:35

本文选题：戏曲文物 + 蔚县　；参考：《山西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：古戏台是戏曲演出的重要场所,也是民俗文化的重要产物,具有丰富的历史文化信息。对古戏台的调查研究可以帮助我们丰富古代剧场的形象资料,为探索戏曲艺术的历史成因,认识戏曲发展的历史面貌等相关问题提供实证依据。本文在对蔚县207座古戏台的及其附属碑刻、舞台题记等戏曲文物进行系统地考察和整理的基础上,结合文献资料等相关内容,运用民俗学和社会学的知识,以古戏台为出发点,系统地分析了其产生的历史渊源、建筑特色、演剧情况和文化功能等相关问题,并结合古戏台存在的一些问题,提出了相应的解决措施。蔚县位于中原和塞北、山陕与燕赵的交通枢纽和通商要道,地理位置特殊,蔚县古戏台作为戏曲演出的场所,受当地自然环境和人文因素的影响,在建筑形制上有其固有的特点,主要表现在,出现一台多庙的平面布局形式,建筑构造简单,屋顶以硬山顶或卷棚硬山顶为主,梁架结构均采用抬梁式构架,简洁牢固,台基部分主要以夯土修筑,外侧施以砖石保护。戏台装饰以彩绘为主,雕刻为辅,较为简略。台上戏曲演出活动频繁,定期演出与不定期演出交叉进行,互为补充,使得该地戏曲活动演出时间跨度较长。而演出的声腔主要包括弦子腔、蔚州梆子和山西北路梆子。蔚州梆子是地方小戏与外来剧种相互融合的结果,体现出了文化的包容性。北路梆子的传入受到商业贸易影响,山西商人为北路梆子在蔚县的发展提供了坚实的经济基础,并促使着梆子戏艺人提升戏曲表演的艺术水平。同时,梆子戏的流传也为山西商人进一步开拓市场,解决商贸中的问题提供了良好的契机,并且在一定程度上对商人的心理起到了慰藉作用。蔚县古戏台也是民俗文化的产物,它作为民众求神祈雨,答谢神庥的重要场所,具有浓郁的宗教性质,同时也是寓教于乐的重要场所,对维护社会秩序的稳定发挥着巨大作用。此外,蔚县古戏台也是民众娱乐的重要场所,一方面民众在此观看戏曲表演,获得精神上享受,另一方面庙会时期以戏台为中心形成的交易市场,对民众出售农产品,购买生产工具等提供了便利,在经济方面影响着蔚县民众的生活。因此,蔚县古戏台对我们进一步研究明清时期蔚县民众的社会生活奠定了基础,具有很高的学术价值。
[Abstract]:The ancient stage is an important place for opera performance and also an important product of folk culture with rich historical and cultural information. The investigation and research on the ancient stage can help us to enrich the image data of the ancient theater and provide the empirical basis for exploring the historical causes of the opera art and understanding the historical outlook of the development of the opera. On the basis of the systematic investigation and arrangement of 207 ancient opera platforms in Yuxian and their associated inscriptions, stage inscriptions and other opera relics, combined with the literature and other relevant contents, this paper applies the knowledge of folklore and sociology, and takes the ancient stage as the starting point. This paper systematically analyzes the historical origin, architectural characteristics, performance situation and cultural function of the ancient stage, and puts forward some corresponding solutions. Yuxian is located in the Central Plains and the northern part of the country. The transportation hub between Shanshan and Yanzhao is special in geographical location. The ancient opera stage in Yuxian, as a venue for opera performances, is affected by the local natural environment and cultural factors. The architectural form has its inherent characteristics, mainly manifested in the appearance of a multi-temple plane layout form, the simple structure of the building, the roof with a hard top or a curly roof, and the beam frame structure, all of which are simple and firm. The base is mainly built with rammed earth, and masonry is applied on the outside. Stage decoration to color-based painting, sculpture as a supplementary, relatively simple. The stage opera performance activity is frequent, the periodic performance and the unscheduled performance cross each other, makes the local opera activity performance time span longer. And the performance of the main vocal tone including string, Weizhou Bangzi and Shanxi North Road Bangzi. Weizhou Bangzi is the result of the fusion of local opera and foreign opera, which embodies the cultural inclusiveness. The introduction of Beilu Bangzi was influenced by commercial trade. Shanxi merchants provided a solid economic foundation for the development of Beilu Bangzi in Yuxian, and promoted the Bangzi opera artists to improve the artistic level of opera performance. At the same time, the spread of Bangzi Opera also provides a good opportunity for Shanxi businessmen to further develop the market and solve the problems in trade and trade, and to some extent plays a solace to the psychology of businessmen. Yuxian ancient stage is also a product of folk culture. As an important place for people to pray for rain and thank God, it has a strong religious nature and is also an important place for teaching and happiness, which plays a great role in maintaining the stability of social order. In addition, the ancient opera stage in Yuxian County is also an important place for people to entertain. On the one hand, people watch opera performances here and get spiritual enjoyment; on the other hand, during the temple fair period, the market formed by the stage as the center of trading, sells agricultural products to the public. The purchase of production tools and other facilities, in the economic aspects of the Weixian people's lives. Therefore, the ancient stage of Yuxian laid a foundation for our further study of the social life of the people in Yuxian in Ming and Qing dynasties, and had high academic value.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J809.2;K879.1

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