中国戏曲的科班与演出剧团

发布时间：2018-05-07 14:48

本文选题：中国戏曲 + 家班　；参考：《戏剧文学》2017年04期

【摘要】：中国戏曲历史上最早出现的传授技艺的形式是"家班"。这种形式最早可以追溯到唐代,称作"教坊"。设置的目的,是封建帝王为自己的享乐。明代始有招收贫寒子弟做一种有计划的训练的科班。但当时最为盛行的培养演员的形式,是边教戏边演出的"家班"。至清家班更为盛行,科班出现较早的当为嘉庆间的嵩祝班,以后有三庆班、小荣椿班、金奎班等。晚清,一些王爷、太监为消遣他们寂寞无聊的岁月,多曾办过科班。中国戏曲的演出团体,最早出现的是一种艺人自家组成的班社,在各城镇乡村中巡回演出。宋元时期已十分发达。清代由于地方戏的勃兴,"自集成班"的演出剧团,几乎遍地皆是。至晚清,戏曲的行当、脸谱、服装、道具都已十分完善。演出已注意刻画人物,演员的表演技艺已日趋精湛。观众也随之由茶园里的消遣听戏,而转变为到剧场里欣赏戏曲艺术。
[Abstract]:The earliest form of teaching skills in the history of Chinese opera is "Home Class". This form can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, called the "Jiefang". The purpose of setting up was for the feudal emperors to enjoy themselves. The Ming Dynasty began to recruit poor children to do a planned training of science classes. But at that time, the most popular form of training actors was teaching drama while performing the "home class." To the Qing family class is more prevalent, science classes appeared earlier when Jiaxing between the Song Zhu class, there are three classes, Xiaoyong Chun, Jin Kuiban and so on. Late Qing Dynasty, some Wang Ye, eunuchs to amuse their lonely boring years, many have run science classes. The performance group of Chinese opera, first appeared as a group of artists themselves, touring the towns and villages. The Song and Yuan dynasties were well developed. Due to the flourishing of local opera in Qing Dynasty, the performance troupes of self-integrated class were almost everywhere. To the late Qing Dynasty, opera business, face, clothing, props have been very perfect. Attention has been paid to portraying the characters in the performance, and the performance skills of the actors have become more and more exquisite. The audience was transformed from a tea-garden pastime to a theater to appreciate the art of opera.
【作者单位】：牡丹江师范学院评文学院;
【分类号】：J809.2

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