湘西彭氏宣慰司时期摆手活动分析

发布时间：2018-02-25 02:27

本文关键词： 土家族祭祀仪式摆手活动彭氏宣慰司土司　出处：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“摆手”这一活动,不仅包含了土家族传统的摆手歌舞艺术,而且保存了土家族古老的宗教、戏剧、军事、体育和各民族文化交流的各种艺术精华。可以说,摆手活动,是土家族传统文化的大汇集、大展示。本文所研究的“摆手”音乐,主要指明清土司时期的土家族大型祭祖活动中的音乐元素。通过文献解读与田野调查,可以了解处于成熟期的传统“摆手”的音乐概貌与单独的各个音乐形态,并与现存活态“摆手”及其音乐进行对比,运用“历史的民族音乐学”的学科分析方法,体验土家摆手活动的“变与不变”。本文的主要内容及新认识如下:本文分绪论和正文四章。绪论针对“湘西彭氏宣慰司”与“摆手”两个概念进行了非常详尽地阐述;且罗列出了尽笔者之能所查找出的有关“摆手”的原始史料,及对现有研究状况的论述;并针对“历史的民族音乐学”这一学术理念进行吸收。第一章交代了“摆手”存在的历史人文环境,包括历史源流、宗教信仰等。其中“土王信仰”是其土司时期阶级统治下的产物,尤以明清土司时期为最盛,交代了明清“摆手”之历史背景。第二章则是立足于笔者所搜集到的所有历史文献资料,“回到历史现场”,还原“摆手”历史原貌,细数传统“摆手”的各个音乐形态。传统仪式程序大致可为三大部分:梯玛祀神、摆手祀神、坪场歌媒。梯玛祀神包括梯玛祭神时的歌与舞,以及梯玛所用到的乐器法器;摆手祀神包括群众一起唱摆手、跳摆手及摆手歌舞过程中的伴奏乐器;坪场歌媒主要于《竹枝词》中有所描绘,为土家青年男女以歌为媒的古老谈情方式,因歌结媒的男女,当夜就可在土家族巫师梯玛的见证下定下婚约,再行约期进行嫁娶活动。第三章在前文已对“摆手”形态、内容等进行全方位阐释后,笔者试图通过当代展示之现况与还原历史原貌进行比较,分析其为什么会出现演变、存在哪些异同、仪式演变规律何如等,继而找寻“摆手”音乐文化“变与不变”之本质。为了能全方位地形成对“摆手”活动及其音乐的整体性认知,笔者以明清时期地方文献为基础,包括历代《永顺府志》、《永顺县志》、《龙山县志》、《保靖县志》和《古丈坪厅志》等地方志,辅以田野采风调查:笔者曾前往永顺县双凤村、永顺老司城、保靖县首八峒村及湘西州州立博物馆等地进行采风调查,力图着眼于历史,落脚于活态传承,凸显出历史语境中的“摆手”。
[Abstract]:The activity of "waving hands" not only includes the traditional art of singing and dancing of the Tujia nationality, but also preserves the ancient religious, dramatic, military, sports and cultural exchanges of various nationalities of the Tujia nationality. It is a great collection and display of Tujia traditional culture. The "pendulum" music studied in this paper mainly refers to the music elements in the large-scale ancestral worship activities of the Tujia nationality in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is possible to understand the music profile of the traditional "hand pendulum" in the mature period and its individual musical forms, and to compare it with the existing "hand waving" and its music, and use the subject analysis method of "Historical Ethomusicology". The main content and new understanding of this paper are as follows: this paper is divided into introduction and four chapters. The introduction elaborates in detail the two concepts of "Pengshi Xuan Shu Shi" and "waving hand" in Western Hunan; It also lists the original historical data about "waving hands" which the author can find, and discusses the current research situation. The first chapter explains the historical humanistic environment, including the origin of history. Religious belief and so on. Among them, "Tu Wang's belief" was the product of the class rule in the period of the Tusi period, especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties, when the Tusi period was the most prosperous. The second chapter is based on all the historical documents collected by the author, "go back to the historical scene" and restore the historical appearance of "wielding hands". The traditional ritual procedure can be divided into three parts: Timar worship god, hand worship god, pingchang song medium. Tamar worship god includes the song and dance of Timar worship god, and the instruments and instruments used by Timar; The worship of the gods includes singing and waving hands, dancing hands and accompaniment instruments in the process of singing and dancing. Pingchang's song medium is mainly described in "Bamboo Branch ci", which is an ancient way of talking about love by songs for young men and women of Tujia nationality, because of the men and women of singing and matchmaking. On the same night, Tema, the Tujia wizard, can make a marriage contract and carry out a marriage activity during the period of the reappointment. Chapter three, after having explained the form and content of "waving hands" in all directions, The author tries to compare the present situation of contemporary display with the original appearance of restoration history, and analyze why it has evolved, what similarities and differences exist, and He Ru, the law of ritual evolution, etc. Then to find the essence of "change and invariance" in the music culture of "waving hands". In order to form a holistic cognition of the activities and music of "waving hands" in all directions, the author bases on the local literature of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Including local chronicles such as Yongshun Prefecture Records, Yongshun County Records, Longshan County Records, Baojing County Records and Guzhang Ping Hall Records, etc., supplemented by fieldwork survey: the author went to Shuangfeng Village, Yongshun County, Yongshun Laoshi City, In Baojing County, the first Batong Village and Xiangxi State Museum are investigated in order to focus on history, settle down in the state of life, and highlight the "waving hands" in the historical context.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：J608

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