柴科夫斯基《六首钢琴小品》Op.19之研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 08:58

  本文选题：柴科夫斯基　切入点：《六首钢琴小品》(Op.19)　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：彼得·伊里奇·柴科夫斯基(Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky,1840～1893)是19世纪著名作曲家,俄罗斯音乐史上最有影响力的音乐家之一。从传统音乐的广阔领域里,不论是交响音乐还是歌剧、舞剧,不论是室内音乐还是独唱、独奏,都少不了柴科夫斯基。他继承了格林卡民族音乐创作精神,又汲取了西欧音乐传统,把专业的创作技巧和民间音乐结合起来。从他的音乐里体现出了俄罗斯民族音乐的双面性格,由于俄罗斯地域辽阔,有70%的土地都是草原,地广人稀,人们难免会出现怀旧、伤感的思绪,同时又带有俄罗斯人民的彪悍性格,作品中不乏出现英雄性。他音乐当中充满那种苍凉的旋律,但是又体现出勇士般的矫健步伐,美丽而热情的梦幻战胜冬日迷途的现实,为俄罗斯乃至世界音乐文化做出了宝贵的贡献。柴科夫斯基的《六首钢琴小品》(Op.19)分别为《黄昏时的幻想》《幽默诙谐曲》《纪念册的一页》《夜曲》《随想曲》和《F大调主题与变奏》,是其完成于1873年的早期钢琴作品。这些小品生动地反映出俄罗斯人民的生活和柴科夫斯基内心的情感独白。本文对柴科夫斯基的《六首钢琴小品》(Op.19)主要从音乐本体分析和演奏分析两方面入手,通过对六首作品进行逐一的音乐分析,分别从旋律、节奏和调式调性等音乐要素入手,体现作品的古典性、抒情性、戏剧性、民族性以及交响性的特征。在这六首作品中,运用了模进、持续音、柱式和弦以及小调式,模进的运用使复杂的旋律在柴科夫斯基的描绘下显示出细腻、淳朴和抒情性;主、属持续音发挥导向性作用,旋律始终受原调的影响和约束,音乐更加统一;小调的运用,表现了俄罗斯音乐中特有的韵味,一股股抒情又带有忧伤的气息扑面而来;柱式和弦的大量使用,音乐辉煌明亮、铿锵有力,如同交响乐队齐奏,音响效果更加立体化,展现作品的英雄性和交响性,与作品中抒情的旋律形成戏剧性对比。这些柴科夫斯基常用的音乐语汇的运用汇成柴氏独特的音乐特征和风格。《六首钢琴小品》虽然每首作品篇幅短小,但演奏技巧涉猎较为全面,双音、八度、和弦、大跳、歌唱性连奏和非连奏等。通过笔者的演奏认为手指触键的角度、力度、速度及深度,不同的音色处理对手指触键的要求,复调织体各声部声音和层次的处理,控制各个声部的旋律走向及音量,都需要手腕、手肘的配合以及臂、肩乃至整个身体去协调运用,达到“琴人合一”的效果。对《六首钢琴小品》的研究,进一步了解柴科夫斯基作品的风格以及如何演奏六首作品提供参考依据,丰富柴科夫斯基音乐作品的文本文献,为今后的音乐工作者和音乐爱好者学习和研究柴科夫斯基的音乐作品提供了参考。
[Abstract]:Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (18400-1893) is one of the most influential musicians in the history of Russian music in 19th century. Tchaikovsky was indispensable to both indoor and solo music. He inherited the spirit of Greenka's national music creation and drew on Western European musical traditions. Combine professional creative skills with folk music. From his music, he reflects the dual character of Russian folk music. Because of Russia's vast territory, 70% of the land is grasslands, and the land is sparse, so it is inevitable that people will have nostalgia. Sad thoughts, at the same time with the strong personality of the Russian people, there is no lack of heroism in his works. His music is full of that desolate melody, but also reflect the heroic pace, Beautiful and passionate dreams conquer the reality of winter wanderings, Tchaikovsky's "six Piano sketches" (Op. 19) is "Fantasy at Evening" "humor humor" "A Page of the Commemorative Book" "Nocturne" and "Nozzles" and < F Major "respectively. "theme and variation", his early piano works completed in 1873. These sketches vividly reflect the life of the Russian people and Tchaikovsky's inner emotional monologue. Mainly from two aspects of music ontology analysis and performance analysis, Through the music analysis of the six works, the classical, lyrical, dramatic, national and symphonic characteristics of the works are embodied from the aspects of melody, rhythm and tone. With the use of die progression, continuous sound, column chord and minor key, the complex melodies are shown to be delicate, simple and lyric under Tchaikovsky's description; the main, continuous sound plays a leading role. The melody has always been influenced and restrained by the original tune, and the music is more unified. The use of minor key shows the unique charm of Russian music, with a wave of lyricism and sadness coming oncoming. With the extensive use of columnar chords, the music is brilliant and bright. Sonorous and forceful, like symphonic band playing together, the sound effect is more three-dimensional, showing the heroic and symphonic nature of the work, A dramatic contrast to the lyrical melodies in his works. The use of these musical terms used by Tchaikovsky converges into Chaikovsky's unique musical characteristics and style. < six Piano sketches > although each piece is short in length, However, the performance skills are more comprehensive, double tone, octave, chord, big jump, singing and non-accompaniment. The author thinks that the angle, intensity, speed and depth of finger touch key, different timbre processing opponent touch key requirements, The processing of various sounds and levels of polyphonic fabric and the control of the melodic direction and volume of each voice require the coordination of the wrist, elbow, arms, shoulders and even the whole body. The study of "six Piano pieces" provides a reference basis for further understanding the style of Tchaikovsky's works and how to play them, so as to enrich the textual literature of Tchaikovsky's musical works. It provides a reference for future music workers and music lovers to study and study Tchaikovsky's music works.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J624.1

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