《吕氏春秋》乐论“乐”之自然、社会属性考论

发布时间：2018-03-26 12:01

  本文选题：《吕氏春秋》乐论　切入点：社会属性　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《吕氏春秋》乐论是中国音乐史书写之鼻祖。最初的事物具有根本性意义。因此笔者以《吕氏春秋》乐论所表现的天人之际为依据,采用文献分析法、考据法、历史研究法探讨其中“乐”之自然、社会属性。首先依据《吕氏春秋》诸篇篇名及主旨明确其乐论范围,进而确定此范围中旨趣为“乐”的篇章。通过描述这些篇章的内容以发掘其论“乐”所涉具体问题。将这些问题进行分类并在此基础上找出其论“乐”所涉重要因素。把这些因素视为核心概念,厘清概念间的关系,从而形成研究主题。此过程旨在解读《吕氏春秋》乐论中论“乐”诸篇的具体内容。其次根据《吕氏春秋》及其他相关文献考核、证实、说明这些概念(因在方法上受到《吕氏春秋·适音》篇的启发,此过程中将首先确定这些抽象概念所表示的具体对象,以具体对象作为“载体”从而使这些抽象概念具体化,再审查其具体特征来实现对这些抽象概念的界定。)最终在此基础上分析、解读《吕氏春秋》乐论“乐”之自然、社会属性。《吕氏春秋》乐论推崇的“乐”是“大乐”。它的规定性是:“乐”之“律吕”本于“黄钟之宫”;凡乐器有大、小、轻、重之标准者,其大、小、轻、重之标准应本于黄钟律管之管长;“乐”中“五音”之清浊本于黄钟之宫;乐舞的创制也要遵守相应之度量。此即是《大乐》所云“生于度量”之“大乐”。“乐”之自然属性是“道”,其通过君王以“度量”为法则制“乐”被施化于“乐”中。“乐”之社会属性是“节欲”,其通过君王以“度量”为法则制“乐”被贯彻落实于“乐”中。形而上的“乐”之自然属性(道)与形而下的“乐”之社会属性(节欲)在“度量”这个制“乐”实践操作层面上实现了统一。二者有如此关系:“乐”之自然属性(道)→“乐”之“度量”→“乐”之社会属性(节欲)。这种关系告诉我们“生于度量”之“乐”是用其“度量”载“道”、以“道”适欲,进而教化天下,最终在社会层面实现了“大乐”所蕴含的这个天人之义。
[Abstract]:The music theory of Lu's Spring and Autumn period is the ancestor of the writing of Chinese music history. The initial things are of fundamental significance. Therefore, based on the time of Heaven and Man embodied in the music theory of Lu's Spring and Autumn period, the author adopts the method of literature analysis and textual research. The historical research method probes into the nature and social attributes of "music". Firstly, according to the titles and purport of various articles in Lu's Spring and Autumn period, the scope of his theory of music is clarified. By describing the content of these texts, we can find out the specific problems involved in the discussion of "music". On the basis of this, we classify these problems and find out the important ones involved in "music". Consider these factors as core concepts, The purpose of this process is to interpret the specific contents of the various articles on music in Lu's Spring and Autumn period. Secondly, according to the examination of Lu Chun-qiu and other relevant documents, it is confirmed that, Explain these concepts (because they are inspired by the article "Lu's Spring and Autumn Sound adaptation"), in this process, the concrete objects represented by these abstract concepts will be first determined, and the concrete objects will be used as "carriers" to concretize these abstract concepts. Then review its specific characteristics to realize the definition of these abstract concepts.) on this basis, finally analyze and interpret the nature of the music theory of Lu Chun-qiu. Social attribute. The "music" advocated by the music theory is "great music". Its stipulation is that the "law" of "music" is based on the "palace of Huang Zhong", and that the musical instruments have the standards of big, small, light and heavy, which are big, small and light. The heavy standard should be based on the tube length of the Huang Zhong Rhythm, and the "five sounds" in "Yue" should be based on the Huang Zhong Palace. The creation of music and dance should also follow the corresponding measures. This is the "great music" of the cloud "born in measure". The natural attribute of "music" is "Tao", which is applied to "music" through the rule of "measure" of kings. The social attribute of "music" is "abstinence", which is carried out in "music" through the rule of "measure" by kings. The natural attribute (Tao) of metaphysical "music" and the social attribute of "music" in form. Abstinence (abstinence) has realized the unification on the level of practice and operation of "measure" the system "music". The relationship between the two is as follows: the natural attribute of "music" (Tao). 鈫，

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