“有声的冥想”—印度瑞诗凯诗瑜伽唱诵调研

发布时间：2018-04-09 20:41

本文选题：瑜伽　切入点：火供仪式　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：瑜伽日常唱诵文化及相关的仪式唱诵,是古印度文明的产物,吠陀文化的经典,神秘的圣人修行术,以及印度宗教文化不可分割的组成部分。它积淀着印度人民从古至今对圣灵的崇拜,是瑜伽文化不可或缺的构成部分,至今仍在瑜伽修习过程中以及重要仪式中呈现着重要的角色。它简单动听的唱诵旋律,丰富动人的神话传说,被广为传唱研习。笔者查阅国内相关资料时,发现对于瑜伽唱诵方面的研究内容至今仍没有系统全面的阐述,所以本人在导师的指导下选择此题作为硕士论文的题目。唱诵,不仅是印度各古老瑜伽修行流派的重要组成部分,更重要的是修行者认为,唱诵就是他们与宇宙链接沟通的桥梁。它是修习冥想的方法之一,印度古代的瑜伽咕噜们认为宇宙是由不同的能量振动构成的。如果说,冥想是无声的音振,唱诵就是有声的冥想。笔者深入瑞诗凯诗对瑜伽唱诵进行田野调查,以民族音乐学的角度展开研究,希望能够探索整理成一篇反应印度本土瑜伽以及与中国文化碰撞结合后产生的“中国式瑜伽”相互对比的文字资料,使国人更直观、完整的了解“瑜伽”的真正内涵,希望未来瑜伽在中国不仅以一种流行的健身项目传播,可以以它本真形态呈现,更加健康、多元化地发展,虽然此论文不能填补瑜伽唱诵文献的空白、也不算在研究瑜伽唱诵方面首开先河,但笔者希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用,对唱诵内容进行的记录总结,为今后的瑜伽唱诵研究工作者提供有价值理论参考。为今后研究瑜伽文化的学者提供参考依据。首先,采用文献分析的方法,对印度瑜伽的产生、起源和发展阶段进行了分析和整理。印度教孕育了瑜伽,瑜伽与印度教有着千丝万缕的联系。瑜伽是印度教的一种训练方法,它是一种引导人走向整合或者结合在一起的方式方法,它包含多种联系途径和方式,最终的目的都是为了发挥人的内在潜能,挖掘潜在自我,与宇宙结合在一起。瑜伽虽然有不同的起源之说和不同的发展阶段,但瑜伽产生于印度,具有鲜明的印度文化特色这一点始终不可改变。在瑜伽仪式中的唱诵同样可以看出鲜明的印度文化特色,它的产生离不开这片赋予了印度文化的土壤。其次,利用文献考察和分析,对瑜伽的唱诵形式和类型做了分类和总结。瑜伽有大量的唱诵形式和类型,瑜伽唱诵分为仪式唱诵、日常唱诵和神明唱诵,这三个类型笔者认为可以代表瑜伽修行的三种场域,仪式唱诵属于群体场域,属于个体与群体的互动。日常唱诵和神明唱诵属于个体场域,日常唱诵更注重的是与自我身体和心灵的沟通,而神明唱诵注重与神明的交流。再次,采用田野考察和访谈等方法,对凯梅拉瑜伽学院和恒河边的火供仪式及唱诵进行了考察和访谈。凯梅拉瑜伽学院的火供仪式是小型的私人仪式,而恒河边的火供仪式是属于大型的火供仪式。两个仪式均有完整的准备环节,而且整个仪式过程比较完备。两个仪式中有大量的唱诵,甚至在恒河边的火供仪式中配有塔布拉鼓和印度风琴等乐器。唱诵起着渲染仪式氛围的作用,通过对苏尼等四人的访谈也证实了这一点。第四,在田野考察和文献分析的基础上,采用逻辑分析等方法对瑜伽唱诵的实质及文化内涵进行了分析。音乐、文化与人三要素的关系是把握瑜伽唱诵实质的重要要素,这三要素在瑜伽唱诵中缺一不可,瑜伽音声、唱诵者与聆听者、瑜伽唱诵文化本质构成了这三个重要组成部分。瑜伽唱诵的实质,体现在这三者的互动过程中。第五,本部分主要在前期考察和分析的基础上,采用逻辑分析方法,对瑞诗凯诗瑜伽唱诵的功能做了分析和归纳。瑞诗凯诗瑜伽唱诵由日常唱诵、仪式唱诵、神明唱诵三种场域构成。不管什么形式和类型的唱诵,通过仪式或其他媒介方法,唱诵都发挥着慰藉心灵和身体疗愈的身心和谐的功能和作用。第六,本部分是在以上分析和探索为落脚点,着重分析印度瑜伽在中国的本土化问题。中国与印度均贴有文明古国的文化标签,有着博大精深的文化交流史。两国文化有许多相容点,为瑜伽在中国本土化的发展提供了条件和基础。诚然,两国文化也有很多相异点,倘若协调不好会发生冲突,使得瑜伽难以在中国生根发芽。最后在结语部分,做出了瑜伽及唱诵是一体两面,二者不可分割,相辅相成、相互依存、相得益彰的结论。
[Abstract]:Yoga daily chanting culture and related ritual chanting, is a product of the civilization of ancient India, Vedic culture classic, mysterious saint surgery practice part of India, and the religious culture inseparable. It reflects India people since ancient times worship of the Holy Spirit, is the indispensable component of Yu Gawen, still in yoga in the process of practice and an important ceremony in an important role. It has the advantages of simple beautiful melodies, rich stories and legends, was widely sung. The author consults the domestic related study, found that the contents of the Mantra Yoga is still not systematic and comprehensive exposition, so I under the guidance of tutor choose this topic as my master's thesis topic. Singing is not only an important part of the India ancient yoga schools, more important is that the yogi, chanting is they and Yu The bridge links universe communication. It is one of the methods of practicing meditation, yoga guru of ancient India who think the universe is composed of different vibration energy. If the sound meditation is silent, chanting is sound meditation. The author Rishikesh field survey of Yoga chanting, in national music the perspective of research, hoping to explore into a local yoga and reaction of India and China cultural collision after the combination of "Chinese yoga" comparison of text information, make people more intuitive and complete understanding of "the real meaning of yoga, yoga in the hope that the future Chinese not only in a fashion fitness project communication, can be presented, in its true shape more healthy and diversified development, although this paper cannot fill the blank of Yoga chanting literature, is not on the first precedent mantra yoga, But I hope to play a role, chanting the content of the summary records, for the future of the Mantra Yoga research workers to provide valuable theoretical reference. To provide reference for the future study of Yoga culture scholars. Firstly, by using the methods of literature analysis, the India yoga, the origin and development stage were analyzed and finishing. Hinduism gave birth to yoga, yoga and Hinduism are inextricably linked. Yoga is a kind of training method of Hinduism, it is a guide to integration or combination of methods, it contains a variety of connection ways and means, the ultimate aim is to develop inner potential, potential self and the universe together. Yoga although there are different development stages and different origins, but yoga originated in India, India has the distinctive characteristics of this One always can not be changed. In the Yoga chanting ceremony can be seen as distinct characteristics of India culture, which cannot do without this gives India culture. Secondly, using the literature investigation and analysis of Yoga chanting forms and types are classified and summarized. There are a lot of yoga the chant forms and types of Yoga chanting divided into ceremonial chanting, chanting and singing God daily, the author thinks that the three types of yoga can represent three kinds of field, chanting ceremony belongs to the group field, belonging to the interaction of individuals and groups. Daily chanting and singing to God the individual field, more attention is paid to the daily chanting and self body and mind communication, while chanting the gods and gods to exchange. Once again, by using the method of field investigation and interview, to Kay Mera Yoga Institute and the Ganges RIver side of the Puja ceremony and chanting the investigation and interview Kay. Merafhe Yoga college is a small private Puja ceremony ceremony, the ceremony is constant and puja belongs to large Puja ceremony. The preparation ceremony of the two were complete, and the whole ceremony is complete. The two ceremony has a lot of chanting, even in the Ganges RIver side of the fire Puja ceremony with musical instruments tabla and India organ. Chant plays the role of the atmosphere rendering ceremony, the other four home interview also confirmed this point. Fourth, based on field investigation and literature analysis, the logic analysis and other methods of Yoga chanting essence and cultural connotation is analyzed. The relationship between the music. People and culture of the three elements is an important factor to grasp the essence of Yoga chanting, the three elements in the Mantra Yoga Yoga are sound, chanting and Mantra Yoga listener, the essence of culture constitute the three major component Part. Yoga chanting essence, reflected in the three interaction process. Fifth, this part is mainly based on the previous investigation and analysis, using the method of logical analysis, analyzes and summarizes the Rishikesh Yoga chant. Rishikesh Yoga chanting by daily chanting, chanting ceremony, gods chant three constitute the field. No matter what form and type of chanting, the ceremony or other media, play the function and role of mind and body comfort healing of physical and mental harmony singing. The sixth part is the analysis and exploration for the foothold in the above, focuses on the analysis of localization of yoga in India in Chinese. China and India are affixed with ancient cultural labels, has a broad and profound cultural exchange history. The two countries have many cultural compatibility, yoga provides conditions and foundation in the development of Chinese localization. Indeed, the two countries There are many differences between them. If the coordination is not good, there will be conflicts, making it difficult for yoga to take root in China. Finally, in the concluding part, yoga and chanting are two sides, the two are indivisible, complementary, interdependent and complementary.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J607

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