马头琴艺术的历史演变

发布时间：2018-05-30 09:10

本文选题：蒙古族 + 马头琴　；参考：《黑龙江民族丛刊》2017年01期

【摘要】：马头琴的源头——火不思,从形制与奏法看,应当属于那种似琵琶的弹拨乐器,这在史料中得到证实。蒙古族诸部落在蒙古高原迅速崛起后,马尾胡琴在北方草原逐渐传播,并被当地居民所喜爱,成为一种流行乐器。明灭亡元朝后,部分蒙古族风俗习惯都遗留下来,对明朝的文化和习俗产生了一定的影响。明朝是以汉族文化为主体构建的,自然更多地体现中原文化的特点,加之政治因素的作用,潮兀尔排除于国乐之外。但此时的潮兀尔已经在蒙古族中深入人心,在蒙古族部落中广泛流传。蒙古族作为草原游牧民族,其音乐具有非常独特的魅力,被异域民族所欣赏。马头琴是蒙古族音乐的代表,几乎成为蒙古民族的象征。马头琴作为拉弦乐器,得到广泛传播,并最终使弹拨乐器"黯然失色",成为蒙古民族心中的乐神和心灵的旋律。从蒙古民族的音乐发展史看,用马尾弓代替竹擦(棒擦)弓、火不思退出舞台、马尾胡琴-潮兀尔盛行于草原,最终拉弦乐器取代弹拨乐器成为主流,这是历史对马头琴的必然选择,马头琴成为蒙古民族音乐的核心也是有其必然性的。
[Abstract]:From the point of view of the form and the method of playing, the origin of the horsetou piano should belong to the plucked instrument like the pipa, which has been confirmed in the historical data. After the Mongolian tribes rose rapidly in the Mongolian plateau, the horseshoe harp spread gradually in the northern grassland, and became a popular musical instrument by the local people. After the death of the Yuan Dynasty, some Mongolian customs and customs were left behind, which had a certain influence on the culture and customs of the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty was constructed with the Han culture as the main body, which naturally reflected the characteristics of the Central Plains culture more often, combined with the role of political factors, Chaoor was excluded from the national music. But at this time, Chaoor has been deeply rooted in the Mongolian people, widely spread in the Mongolian tribe. Mongolian as a nomadic grassland, its music has a very unique charm, enjoyed by foreign peoples. Matou Qin is the representative of Mongolian music and almost becomes the symbol of Mongolian nation. As a stringed instrument, horsetouqin was widely spread and eventually overshadowed the plucked instrument and became the melody of the heart of the Mongolian nation. Judging from the history of Mongolian music development, the horsetail bow was used instead of the bamboo wiping bow, the fire did not want to withdraw from the stage, the horsetail huqin and Chauor prevailed in the prairie, and eventually the string instruments replaced the plucked instruments to become the mainstream. This is the inevitable choice of history, and it has its inevitability to become the core of Mongolian national music.
【作者单位】：黑龙江民族职业学院;
【基金】：2016年度国家民委民族问题研究项目“职业教育背景下蒙古族马头琴文化传承发展研究”(2016-GMC-023)阶段成果
【分类号】：J632.26

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