安多民歌“勒”的特点及其价值研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 18:37

本文选题：安多“勒” + 特点　；参考：《青海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：勤劳勇敢的藏族人民在高海拔的自然条件与严寒的气候环境中用自己的智慧积累了无数可贵的适应于这种特有的自然环境的生产和生活经验,创造并发展了本民族丰富的物质文化和多彩的精神文化,其中的“勒”是人们彼此交流情感和信息的重要方式,具有鲜明的历史性、传统性、民族性、地域性等社会特性和特定的民族凝聚、弘扬藏族文化、创建和谐社会的功能。由于独特的地理、政治、宗教、文化背景,不但形成了相对独立的民族民间艺术,而且形成了民间的一种表现藏族人民生活历史、生活环境、信仰体系、性格特征、审美情感等生产实践活动的艺术形式,具有深刻的思想性和较高的艺术性。本文以广泛流传于安多藏族民间的原生态表现形式“勒”为研究对象,探究这种艺术形式的发展脉络,关注“勒”在现代社会融入多元文化的传承和发展状况,从而使我们了解到“勒”不但是群众喜闻乐见、男女老少皆宜的一种歌唱形式,而且又是更多学者研究藏民族社会历史、时代生活、风土人情以及文化艺术演变等基本概况的一种途径。本文由三个章节及结语构成。第一章,阐述“勒”的历史渊源与发展轨迹以及在不同文化语境中的传播及其形态所展现的丰富文化内涵;探讨形成“勒”内容丰富、形式多样、风格独特的各种因素,以原生态民歌为参照对象,借助当代审美文化和音乐美学的理论,分析归纳其审美特征,试图为“勒”在今后的创作和发展提供理论帮助;第二章,藏族原生态“勒”的表现形式由简约至繁复,从单一至多元,深刻影响着人类艺术发展历程;通过对“勒”在音阶与调式、核心音列、旋法特征、唱腔与衬词、节拍节奏与曲式等方面深入系统的研究比较,总结出具有区域特点的“勒”在音乐上的一些独特的艺术特色和魅力,从而展现安多藏族“勒”珍贵的艺术价值;作为藏民族寻求精神满足的智慧结晶的口头传承形式之一,其表现形式除了具有旋律抑扬顿挫、合辙贴韵、音调悠长、音域宽广、节奏自由等独有的特色外,歌词和乐曲均系民间艺人们心记、口传,并通过歌唱而传给后辈,曲调一般无变化,无音乐伴奏,歌词既有旧传又有新编,或者由歌者即兴发挥,常常以旧调填新词来演唱,主要包括牧歌、酒歌等,表现以赞美山川、河流和歌颂生产劳动以及对人、对事、对生活的爱憎之感和人们细腻的情感、鲜明的性格、深刻的思想;同时简要梳理了安多区域“勒”的种类和艺术表现形式;第三章,也是本文最重要的部分,主要采用分析、访谈、调研为主的研究方法,结合历史学、民俗学等学科理论,进行了客观、合理的尝试性分析。正如匈牙利音乐家柯达伊认为:“民族传统有机的继承,唯有从我们的民间音乐中才能找到。”作为文化的民族民间音乐,不但具有继承和发展的价值,它的学科性质决定了它不仅是一种音乐现象,而且具有强大的生命力和广泛的传播价值,是民族传统文化艺术形式中颇具代表性的元素之一,始终与时代前进的方向保持一致,呈现出具有地域特色的鲜活感;随着时代的变迁以及社会的转型,物质丰富到精神文化的多样,使人们的生活和思想观念发生了巨大的变化,总结讨论“勒”的传承与发展前景,呼吁全社会从“勒”的口传心授的传承方式、应用价值、普及化等方面入手,分析其现实处境及如何保护和传承等问题,并由此引申到对少数民族传统文化的保护、发展和传承。“民族的就是世界的”在村落发生变迁和媒介不断变革的现实情境中,音乐本身也在发生着不同程度的改变。在以广播、电视和手机等现代媒介作用下的音乐传播活动因为摆脱了时空的限制而得以在较大范围内进行,音乐本身也因传播情境的开放性、丰富性而变得不稳定,这种改变形成新的文化要素,并不断加入到原有的音乐文化中,从而引起新文化的增长和旧文化的改变,最终实现本土传统音乐文化的创新性发展。笔者认为,要以藏民族的现实生活为基点,把中华民族文化作为大的背景,运用现代科学的研究方法,深入了解藏民族独特而源远流长的传统艺术文化内涵,对其进行系统的研究、分析,归纳出其起源、形成、发展、传承、表现、内涵和价值功能,在传统传承与现代创新间进行互动、磨合,不断调适和发展,使之历久弥新,再生新蕴。更值得一提的是,当今发展迅猛的民族生态旅游行业对传统文化艺术的保护传承的影响以及所面临的时代大变迁下,少数民族音乐艺术该怎样适应飞速发展的学术课题研究,在诸如此类文化的传承取舍方面提供了更深刻的反思和新的展望,因而本文的研究不但具有一定的学术价值,而且还有较强的现实意义。
[Abstract]:The hardworking and brave Tibetan people have accumulated numerous valuable experiences of production and life in this unique natural environment with their own wisdom in the high altitude natural conditions and the cold climate environment, and created and developed the rich material culture and colorful spiritual culture of the nation, among which the "Le" is the people's exchange of feelings to each other. The important way of feeling and information has a distinctive historical, traditional, national, regional and other social characteristics and specific national cohesion, carrying forward the Tibetan culture and creating a harmonious society. Because of its unique geographical, political, religious and cultural background, it not only forms a relatively independent national folk art, but also forms a folk kind of folk art. The artistic form of the production practice of the Tibetan people's life history, living environment, belief system, character characteristics and aesthetic emotion, has profound ideological and artistic character. This article is widely spread on the original ecological manifestation of the Tibetan folk and explores the development of this form of art. Note that "Le" in modern society is integrated into the inheritance and development of multiculturalism, which makes us understand that "Le" is not only a form of singing that the masses are pleased to see, men, women, old and young, but also a way of studying the basic profiles of the social history of the Tibetan nationality, the life of the times, the situation of the people and the evolution of the culture and art. This article is composed of three chapters and concluding remarks. The first chapter expounds the historical origin and development track of "Le", as well as the rich cultural connotations displayed in different cultural contexts and its form, and probes into the various factors that form a rich, diverse and unique style of "Le", with the reference of the original ecological folk songs, with the help of the contemporary era. The theory of aesthetic culture and music aesthetics, analysis and induction of its aesthetic characteristics, try to provide theoretical help for the creation and development of "Le" in the future; the second chapter, the Tibetan original ecological "Le" form from simple to complex, from a single to multiple, profound influence on the development of human art; through the "Le" in the tone and the core of the key, the core The characteristics of the tone, the rotation, the singing and the lining, the rhythm of the rhythm and the style of the music are systematically studied and compared, and some unique artistic features and charms of "Le" with regional characteristics are summed up to show the precious artistic value of the "Le" in Ando Tibetan, and the oral wisdom of the Tibetan people to seek spiritual satisfaction. One of the forms of inheritance, in addition to the unique features of the melody, the rhyme, the rhyme, the long tone, the wide range and the freedom of rhythm, the lyrics and music are all the folk artists' hearts, words and words, and are passed to the generations by singing, and the melody is generally not changed, without music accompaniment, the lyrics have both old and new, or by the words. Singers improvise, often sing the new words with old tones, mainly including pastoral songs, wine songs, etc., to praise mountains and rivers, rivers and praise of productive labor, to people, to things, to life and to people's love and hatred, to people's delicate feelings, distinct character, and profound thoughts; and briefly combed the kind and artistic expression of the "Le" in the Ando area. Form; the third chapter is the most important part of this article. It mainly adopts the method of analysis, interview and research, which combines the theory of history and folklore, and carries out an objective and reasonable attempt analysis. As Kodaly, the Hungarian musician, thinks, "the inheritance of the national tradition is only from our folk music." The national folk music, as a culture, not only has the value of inheritance and development. Its nature of discipline determines that it is not only a musical phenomenon, but also has strong vitality and wide spread value. It is one of the representative elements in the traditional cultural and artistic form of the nation and always keeps the direction of the progress of the times. With the change of the times and the transformation of the society, the material rich to the diversity of the spirit and culture, the great changes in the people's life and ideas, the prospect of the inheritance and development of "Le", and the appeal to the whole society from the way of inheritance and application of the "Le". In the aspects of popularization and so on, this paper analyzes the realistic situation and how to protect and inherit the problems, and extends it to the protection, development and inheritance of the traditional culture of ethnic minorities. "The national is the world" in the reality of the change of villages and the continuous change of the media, the music itself is also changing to different degrees. The music dissemination activities under the action of modern media such as radio, television and mobile phones have been carried out in a large range because of free time and space. Music itself is also unstable because of the openness and richness of the spread situation. This change forms a new cultural element and does not break into the original music culture, thus causing the new culture. The growth of culture and the change of the old culture eventually realize the innovative development of the local traditional music culture. The author believes that the Chinese national culture should be taken as the base point, the Chinese culture is taken as the big background, and the modern scientific research method is used to understand the traditional cultural connotation of the Tibetan people's unique and long history. The research and analysis of the line system concludes its origin, formation, development, inheritance, expression, connotation and value function, and interacts with the traditional inheritance and modern innovation, in the process of continuous adaptation and development, making it lasting and regenerating the new connotation. It is worth mentioning that the protection of traditional culture and art in the present rapid development of the national ecological tourism industry is to protect the traditional culture and art. Under the influence of the inheritance and the great changes of the times, how should the minority music art adapt to the study of the rapid development of the academic subject, and provide a more profound reflection and a new prospect in the inheritance and choice of such culture. Therefore, this study not only has a certain academic value, but also has a strong practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J607

【参考文献】