甘肃“洮岷花儿”的传承与保护

发布时间：2018-06-20 05:36

本文选题：洮岷花儿 + 花儿会　；参考：《山西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“花儿”早被学术界冠上“西北地区诗经”的美誉。洮岷花儿顾名思义是以洮州、(现名:临潭县,位于甘肃省甘南藏族自治州,)、岷州(现名:岷县,位于甘肃省定西市)为中心。洮岷花儿在曲调上可以听出来一些西域的韵味,这是因为洮岷花儿的这个地方在很久以前是古代羌族人居住的地方。在洮岷这一带也就是洮河流域有一种流行于民间的一种乐器叫“草咪咪”,还有一个别名叫“咪咪”,然而这个在当地流行的吹奏乐器“草咪咪”就是古代羌族人民在抒发情感、陶冶情操时吹奏的“羌笛”。洮岷花儿地处我国宽广美丽的西北高原,受到地理环境的影响与制约,所以花儿的音色格外的嘹亮、高亢、因为要把花儿唱给对面山上的人听,所以花儿还具有很强的穿透力。“花儿”歌词内容即兴演唱,看见啥唱啥,想到啥唱啥,故事叙事性强、幽默风趣、每一句或者没两句都有押韵词。到每年的“花儿会”时,花儿歌手在游山的时候一边打着花伞,手里摇着彩扇,边走边长,颇有一番风味。“花儿”还可以称作“少年”,主要流行于中国西北地区的甘肃、青海、宁夏,是一种独特唱腔高腔山歌,“花儿”常常以园子里花朵作为比喻,也是大多数俊男靓女在对唱或演唱时对对方的一种爱称的表达。男方将女方一般比喻为牡丹,女方将男方比喻为肉肉、憨憨的肉肉,等等。所以说“花儿”以表达爱情为主。甘肃“花儿”(河州花儿、洮岷花儿)虽然属于民歌的范畴,但是它不同于其他民族特色、地方特色。其形成的原因与当地的地理环境和人民的生活环境是紧密相连的,“花儿会”则是花儿演唱和传播的主要途径。花儿会是当地一种特定节日,在这一天很多当地的老百姓他们不分年长年幼、不分贫穷富贵,都会上山唱花儿,在当地属于一种大型的山歌聚会。这种聚会一般跟佛教、道教这些宗教活动有有着密不可分的关系。“莲花山”花儿也不例外。相传,在明朝的时候,有位藏族部落的首领在朝廷中为官。只因自己年事已高,心有余而力不足,出于私心想让其子继承其官位。但他的儿子因怕进入朝廷后失去人生自由始终不肯听随父亲的意愿,所以他的父亲只好将儿子硬性押解进京。在经过莲花山时,看见莲花山层峦叠嶂,古树参天,云雾缭绕很有灵气,想着山里肯定住着菩萨,所以在离开时,心里默默的念叨说:“望菩萨保佑我此次进京诸事随我愿,若愿望达成,日后一定在这里为你重新修建佛殿并给菩萨塑上金衣”。结果事情的发展结局与小王的心愿不谋而合。此时小王心里笃定,一定是是莲花山的菩萨保佑自己才能如此顺利。小王为了报答菩萨,立刻将自己许下的愿望付诸于行动,先在莲花山顶峰修建了文殊菩萨大殿,并在峭壁石崖上开凿石梯,方便众人上山朝拜。此时的莲花山山花烂漫,山间云雾缭绕,风景甚是怡人。所以每年的六月初一到初三,是莲花山的拜佛讲经日,六月初六则是有名的“花儿会”。
[Abstract]:"Flower" is known as the "northwest area Book of Songs". Tao min flower is in Tao Zhou, which is located in Lintan County, located in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, Minxian, located in Dingxi city of Gansu province. This place was a place where ancient Qiang people lived a long time ago. In the Tao min area, a kind of musical instrument called "Mimi" was called "Mimi" in the Tao River Basin. However, the local popular musical instrument "Mimi" was the ancient Qiang people who expressed their feelings. The "Qiang Flute" played in the sentiments. Tao min flower is located in the broad and beautiful northwest plateau of our country. It is influenced and restricted by the geographical environment. So the color of the flowers is particularly loud and loud, because the flowers are sung to the people on the mountain, so the flowers have strong penetrating power. Singing, thinking of what to sing, storytelling, humorous and interesting, every sentence or no two sentence rhyme. To the annual "flower meeting", the flower singer, while playing with an umbrella, wagging a colorful fan in his hand, has a long walk and has some flavor. "Flower" can also be called "juvenile", which is mainly in the northwest of China. Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, is a unique singing high school song, "flower" often used flowers in the garden as a metaphor, but also the expression of a kind of love for the most handsome men and women in singing or singing. The men generally compare the women to the peony, the woman compares the men to meat, naive meat, and so on. "Flower" in Gansu (river flower and Tao min flower), though belonging to the category of folk songs, is different from other ethnic and local characteristics. The reasons for its formation are closely connected with the local geographical environment and the living environment of the people. "Hua Er Hui" is the main way for the flowers to sing and spread. It will be a local special festival. On this day, many local people, who do not divide the years, are rich and rich, will go up the mountain to sing flowers, and belong to a large gathering of mountain songs in the local area. This party is usually closely related to Buddhism and Taoism. "Lotus Hill" flowers are no exception. In the Ming Dynasty, the leader of a Tibetan tribe served as an official in the court. Only because of his old age and lack of strength, he wanted to let his son inherit his official position. But his son, who was afraid to lose his freedom of life after entering the court, never listened to his father's will, and his father had to escort his son into Beijing. When I passed the Lotus Hill, I saw the mountains and mountains, the ancient trees and the sky, the clouds and the clouds were very smart, and the mountain was sure to live a Bodhisattva. So, when he left, he said, "I hope Bodhisattva bless me to come to Beijing with my wish. If I wish to achieve it, it will be here for you to rebuild a Buddhist temple and to give Bodhisattva a gold coat." The outcome of the event coincided with the wish of the king. At this time, Xiao Wang was sure that it was the Bodhisattva of Lotus Hill to protect himself so smoothly. In order to repay the Bodhisattva, Xiao Wang immediately put his wishes into action, first built a Manjusri hall in the peak of the lotus peak, and cut stone stairs on the cliff cliff. At this time, the Lotus Hill is worshiped by the mountains. At this time, the flowers of the Lotus Hill, the mountains and the mountains, the scenery are very pleasant. So each year in the first to third year of June, it is Lotus Hill's worship for Buddha, and the six is the famous "flower meeting" at the beginning of the June.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J607

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