腊尔山苗族巴岱仪式音声个案表述与文化特征研究
发布时间：2019-03-06 08:21
【摘要】：苗族巴岱仪式是苗族以祖先崇拜为核心的宗教信仰文化,源于苗人万物有灵的信仰,巫师巴岱是苗人对祭祀仪式的主持人的称呼。苗族巴岱仪式在流传与演变中内部出现了两种分径,即苗巴岱(巴岱雄)与汉巴岱(巴岱扎)。苗巴岱代表苗教,汉巴岱代表客教,两类巴岱各司其职。腊尔山苗族巴岱仪式主要有“椎牛”、“椎猪”、“还傩愿”、“送亡灵”等,祭祀场面具有鲜明的苗族特色。从仪式音声个案入手对苗族巴岱仪式进行音乐人类学剖析,探究其仪式过程与音声境遇,对其进行归纳与分析,寻找其中蕴含的文化特征。苗族巴岱仪式个案中的音声主要包括巫师巴岱的吟唱声、念诵声、法器声以及特定仪式境遇内的默声等,音声的含义主要是人与神之间的感知与交流,由于各种音声的穿插,整个仪式的进程才得以有条不紊的进行。巴岱仪式音声中的默声是一种只可意会不可言传的音声,巫师巴岱作为与神灵的沟通者,默声架起了信仰的桥梁。腊尔山苗族巴岱仪式的文化特征主蕴含于仪式仪节之内,既有苗族文化的特性,又有民俗文化的共性。巴岱仪式是苗人礼俗相成的展现,既能宣泄情感,又能规范苗人的行为。巴岱仪式是苗人寻音救度的诉求,上能祈求神灵,下能慰藉听者。巴岱仪式是苗人娱神娱人的韵律,苗人希望通过举办仪式以求得鬼神的庇佑,过上更好的生活。巴岱仪式是苗汉文化融合的表达,既体现了苗汉文化的密切融合,同时还体现了苗汉文化的和而不同。巴岱宗教仪式信仰维系着苗族社会的稳定性,承载了苗族音乐艺术文化的发展,传承延续了苗族传统民俗文化,是苗族艺术文化瑰宝,是我国重要的非物质文化遗产。腊尔山苗族巴岱祭祀仪式现今的生存空间已然日趋狭窄,仅存的巫师巴岱背负着民族文化传承的巨大压力。腊尔山苗族巴岱仪式亟待得到妥善的保护以及更好的传承,发挥属于其自身的文化价值。
[Abstract]:Ba Dai ceremony of Miao nationality is a religious belief culture with ancestor worship as the core, originated from Miao people's belief that all things have spirit. Ba Dai, the wizard, is the name of Miao people to the host of sacrificial ceremony. The ceremony of Ba Dai of Miao nationality appeared two kinds of paths in its spread and evolution, namely Miao Badai (Badaixiong) and Hambadai (Badaiza). Miao Badai represents Miao Education, Hambadai represents Hakka Education, two categories of Ba Dai perform their respective duties. The ceremony of Ba Dai of Miao nationality in La'ershan mainly includes "vertebra cow", "vertebra pig", "exorcism wish", "sending dead spirit" and so on. The sacrificial scene has distinct Miao nationality characteristic. This paper analyzes the musical anthropology of Ba Dai ceremony of Miao nationality from the case of ritual sound, probes into its ritual process and sound situation, sums up and analyzes it, and looks for the cultural characteristics contained therein. In the Miao nationality Ba Dai ritual case, the sound mainly includes the sorcerer Ba Dai's singing, the recitation, the dharma and the silent sound in the specific ritual circumstances, and so on. The meaning of the sound is mainly the perception and communication between man and God, due to the interspersing of all kinds of sounds. The whole process of the ceremony was carried out in an orderly manner. The silent sound of Ba Dai's ritual sound is a kind of unspeakable sound. Ba Dai, the wizard, as a communicator of gods and spirits, has formed a bridge of belief. The cultural characteristics of Ba Dai ceremony in Laershan Miao nationality are mainly contained in the ceremony and ceremony festival, which has not only the characteristics of Miao culture, but also the commonality of folk culture. Ba Dai ceremony is a demonstration of Miao people's etiquette and customs, which can not only vent emotion, but also regulate Miao people's behavior. Ba Dai ceremony is the appeal of Miao people's voice-seeking rescue degree, the upper can pray for the gods, and the next can comfort the listener. Ba Dai ceremony is the rhythm that Miao people entertain and entertain people. Miao people hope to live a better life by holding ceremony to obtain the blessing of ghosts and gods. Ba Dai ceremony is the expression of Miao-Han culture fusion, which not only embodies the close integration of Miao-Han culture, but also reflects the harmony but difference of Miao-Han culture. The religious ritual belief of Ba Dai maintains the stability of Miao society, carries the development of Miao music art and culture, inherits and continues the traditional folk culture of Miao nationality, is a treasure of Miao nationality art and culture, and is an important intangible cultural heritage of our country. The living space of Ba Dai sacrificial ceremony of Miao nationality in La'ershan has become more and more narrow, and Ba Dai, the only wizard, is under great pressure to inherit the national culture. Ba Dai ceremony of Miao nationality in La'ershan should be properly protected and better inherited, and its own cultural value should be brought into play.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J607
[Abstract]:Ba Dai ceremony of Miao nationality is a religious belief culture with ancestor worship as the core, originated from Miao people's belief that all things have spirit. Ba Dai, the wizard, is the name of Miao people to the host of sacrificial ceremony. The ceremony of Ba Dai of Miao nationality appeared two kinds of paths in its spread and evolution, namely Miao Badai (Badaixiong) and Hambadai (Badaiza). Miao Badai represents Miao Education, Hambadai represents Hakka Education, two categories of Ba Dai perform their respective duties. The ceremony of Ba Dai of Miao nationality in La'ershan mainly includes "vertebra cow", "vertebra pig", "exorcism wish", "sending dead spirit" and so on. The sacrificial scene has distinct Miao nationality characteristic. This paper analyzes the musical anthropology of Ba Dai ceremony of Miao nationality from the case of ritual sound, probes into its ritual process and sound situation, sums up and analyzes it, and looks for the cultural characteristics contained therein. In the Miao nationality Ba Dai ritual case, the sound mainly includes the sorcerer Ba Dai's singing, the recitation, the dharma and the silent sound in the specific ritual circumstances, and so on. The meaning of the sound is mainly the perception and communication between man and God, due to the interspersing of all kinds of sounds. The whole process of the ceremony was carried out in an orderly manner. The silent sound of Ba Dai's ritual sound is a kind of unspeakable sound. Ba Dai, the wizard, as a communicator of gods and spirits, has formed a bridge of belief. The cultural characteristics of Ba Dai ceremony in Laershan Miao nationality are mainly contained in the ceremony and ceremony festival, which has not only the characteristics of Miao culture, but also the commonality of folk culture. Ba Dai ceremony is a demonstration of Miao people's etiquette and customs, which can not only vent emotion, but also regulate Miao people's behavior. Ba Dai ceremony is the appeal of Miao people's voice-seeking rescue degree, the upper can pray for the gods, and the next can comfort the listener. Ba Dai ceremony is the rhythm that Miao people entertain and entertain people. Miao people hope to live a better life by holding ceremony to obtain the blessing of ghosts and gods. Ba Dai ceremony is the expression of Miao-Han culture fusion, which not only embodies the close integration of Miao-Han culture, but also reflects the harmony but difference of Miao-Han culture. The religious ritual belief of Ba Dai maintains the stability of Miao society, carries the development of Miao music art and culture, inherits and continues the traditional folk culture of Miao nationality, is a treasure of Miao nationality art and culture, and is an important intangible cultural heritage of our country. The living space of Ba Dai sacrificial ceremony of Miao nationality in La'ershan has become more and more narrow, and Ba Dai, the only wizard, is under great pressure to inherit the national culture. Ba Dai ceremony of Miao nationality in La'ershan should be properly protected and better inherited, and its own cultural value should be brought into play.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J607
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