二胡曲中戏曲风格类型及其演奏技法研究

发布时间：2019-05-17 16:26

【摘要】：二胡是我国民族拉弦乐器之一,有着悠久的历史,从作为戏曲伴奏乐器开始一直发展成为一件广受欢迎的独奏乐器,享有“中华民族民乐之王”、“东方小提琴”等美称。二胡音色极似人声,富有深刻的艺术感染力。随着时代的进步,二胡博采众长,既保留传统的、民族的艺术精华,同时又不断吸取西方音乐的优秀成果,为二胡艺术的发展开拓了新局面,但物极必反,这也使得二胡艺术在使用新理念新方法不当的情况下出现了一系列的问题。“民族的才是世界的”,近年来,我国二胡艺术在自身的发展过程中因过度追求西洋化而出现与传统的、民族的音乐文化脱节现象。如二胡曲中出现了大量的现代作品,主要以模仿西洋乐器的纯炫技风格的乐曲,这类乐曲要求扎实、方法科学的快弓技术,但是凸显不了二胡本身具有的民族音乐特性。因此,在寻找符合二胡特质、适合二胡演奏的一系列二胡曲类型中,笔者发现,戏曲风格类型的二胡曲既能够展现我国传统艺术魅力,也在二胡演奏技法的提高和延伸中有极大的发展空间。如鲁日融先生的《秦腔主题随想曲》、《迷糊调》、刘文金先生的《长城随想曲》等的戏曲风格的乐曲类型,他们虽将传统与现代作曲技法相结合,将二胡演奏戏曲风格类型的技法提高到了一个新的高度,也取得了一定的成绩,很大程度上符合现代人的欣赏水准和要求。但是这样的作品少之甚少,可以说是二胡作品的一个大缺口。我国传统戏曲之多,戏曲中的精华为二胡所用的元素是取之不尽的,二胡在演奏技法和乐曲风格类型多样化上如能够借鉴和吸取我国戏曲优点,那么这既是继承和发扬我国传统戏曲的途径,也为发展二胡艺术提供了无限的宝藏。因此,我们需要不断地去挖掘、搜集,将它们糅合变为为时代所接受,为人民所喜爱的经典二胡曲目。综上所述,我们要将以传统戏曲为素材的二胡戏曲风格乐曲作为二胡艺术发展的新目标和新契机,对戏曲风格类型专门性的演奏技法进行深入的研究分析,以便更好地运用到二胡演奏艺术中。所以,如何积极探索、不断实践、把握创新尺度、尊重传统、保护和发展传统戏曲、为继承和发扬中国民族音乐努力奋斗出表达民族艺术更深刻的二胡曲风格类型,让更多戏曲中的精华去丰满二胡艺术,这已成为了当今二胡艺术发展的重大课题,同时也是让传统戏曲不断发扬光大的途径之一。本文以二胡曲中戏曲风格类型特征及其二胡特殊演奏技法,以二胡戏曲风格类型的典型乐曲作为分析对象,将进一步阐明戏曲风格二胡曲的艺术特征以及演奏技法的特殊形态,为更多的二胡学习者提供戏曲风格二胡曲的理论和演奏等多方面的认识。
[Abstract]:Erhu is one of the national string instruments in our country, which has a long history. It has been developed into a popular solo instrument as an opera accompaniment instrument, and enjoys the names of "King of Chinese Folk Music", "Oriental Violin" and so on. Erhu timbre is very similar to human voice, full of profound artistic appeal. With the progress of the times, Erhu not only preserves the artistic essence of the tradition and the nation, but also constantly absorbs the excellent achievements of western music, which opens up a new situation for the development of erhu art, but things must be reversed. This also makes erhu art in the use of new ideas and methods improperly appeared a series of problems. In recent years, the erhu art of our country is out of touch with the traditional music culture because of the excessive pursuit of westernization in the process of its own development. For example, there are a large number of modern works in Erhu Opera, mainly to imitate the pure dazzling style of western musical instruments. This kind of music requires solid, scientific fast bow technology, but can not highlight the national music characteristics of Erhu itself. Therefore, in the search for a series of erhu music types that accord with the characteristics of erhu and are suitable for erhu performance, the author finds that the erhu song of opera style can not only show the charm of Chinese traditional art. There is also great room for development in the improvement and extension of erhu playing techniques. For example, the types of opera style such as Mr. Lu Rilong's "the theme of Qin Dynasty", "confused tune", Mr. Liu Wenjin's "Great Wall Rhapsody" and so on, although they combine traditional and modern composition techniques. The techniques of erhu playing opera style have been raised to a new height, and some achievements have been made, which to a great extent meet the appreciation standards and requirements of modern people. However, there are very few such works, which can be said to be a big gap in erhu works. There are so many traditional operas in our country, the essence of the opera is inexhaustible for the elements used by erhu. Erhu can draw lessons from and absorb the advantages of Chinese opera in terms of the diversity of playing techniques and music styles. Then this is not only the way to inherit and carry forward the traditional opera of our country, but also provides unlimited treasure for the development of erhu art. Therefore, we need to constantly dig, collect, and blend them into classic erhu tracks that are accepted by the times and loved by the people. To sum up, we should take the erhu opera style music based on the traditional opera as the new goal and new opportunity of the development of erhu art, and carry on the thorough research and analysis to the opera style specialized playing technique. In order to better apply to the erhu playing art. Therefore, how to actively explore, constantly practice, grasp the scale of innovation, respect tradition, protect and develop traditional opera, in order to inherit and carry forward Chinese national music, strive to express the more profound style of erhu music, Let more of the essence of opera to enrich erhu art, which has become an important issue in the development of erhu art, but also one of the ways to make traditional opera continue to carry forward. This paper takes the characteristics of opera style types and its special playing techniques in erhu opera, and takes the typical music of erhu opera style as the object of analysis, which will further clarify the artistic characteristics of erhu opera style and the special form of playing techniques. For more erhu learners to provide opera style erhu music theory and performance and other aspects of understanding.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J632.21

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