对巴托克《小宇宙》中音高组织形态的分析

发布时间：2018-06-24 15:41

本文选题：巴托克 + 《小宇宙》　；参考：《西安音乐学院》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 文章通过对巴托克《小宇宙》中乐音材料运用的研究,结合分析前人对这部曲集的研究成果发现,《小宇宙》曲集中,巴托克在乐曲组织中在对各种调式、调性娴熟运用的基础上,对音高在组织形态的构建与应用上同样体现出巧妙的关联性和逻辑性。笔者运用阿伦·福特的集合原理及欣德米特对和弦紧张度的分类方法,在对音高材料自身内在结构及音响特点分析的基础上,重点对音高材料作为乐曲发展的核心材料及其在乐曲中展现出的调式、调性内涵、音响特色等元素在乐曲中变化发展的规律进行了分析,初步形成了以微观形态参悟宏观理念的逻辑推理方式。文章对曲集中的音高组织手法的分析主要从以下两个方面来呈示:音高结构组织形态及人工音阶。 (一)音高结构组织形态的研究: 1.音程的压缩与扩展巴托克在对乐音进行半音化的尝试中总结出了一种属于他自己的创作技法,即音程的压缩与扩展,这种技法巴托克本人却并未作更深一步的探讨,笔者在通过对《小宇宙》的研究中发现,这种技法是巴托克写作乐曲中较常用的手法,巴托克通过音程的压缩与扩展的手法调节乐曲发展变化中音响色彩、变换旋律与和弦结构,使乐曲在音程变化的有效控制中呈现出丰富的音乐组织形态。 2.三全音音在乐曲中的结构力巴托克的“轴心”体系作为他对调性的运用手法的代表理论众所周知,文章另辟蹊径从“轴心”体系中体现出的最小单位三全音音程入手,研究《小宇宙》中三全音音程从旋律中的特性音程运用,扩展至三全音音程为特性的利底亚调式的运用,最后延展至具有三全音音程关系的平行双调性的运用上,探寻巴托克在对特性音程三全音发展的思维路径。 3.四音集合在乐曲中的结构力《小宇宙》中乐音材料具有理性化、逻辑化的组织特点,文章通过选取与中国五声音阶风格最接近的四音集合4-23(12)的分析,以这个集合的内在机构及音响特点为基础,结合乐曲解析巴托克以4-23(12)这个四音集合为乐曲核心材料,通过对这个集合的扩展形成具有五声音阶与具有大小调音阶等不同音乐特色音阶形态的发展手法。 (二)人工音阶运用的研究: 在《小宇宙》中除了我们常见的大小调音阶及“教会调式”的运用外,我们还会看到全半音阶、全音音阶在乐曲片段中的运用及作为整个乐曲素材的运用,这两个音阶在《小宇宙》中是以调性中心为基础结合特有的音程结合、变化形态形成了独特的音乐风格。综上所述,《小宇宙》以传统调式、调性为基石,以民间音乐素材为血肉,在作品中对这两种因素加以延伸与突破形成了巴托克在音高组织安排上集中、简洁、富有逻辑的音高写作技法,通过对巴托克音乐体系中最小单位音高的研究可以为我们如何通过最细微的音高组织手法架构与组织乐曲,使感性的乐思与理性的结构更加融合。
[Abstract]:Through the study of the use of Bartok's music in the small universe and the analysis of the achievements of previous studies on this set of music, "the small universe > Music concentration", on the basis of the skillful use of various forms and tunes in the music organization, Bartok also embodies the ingenious relevance of the construction and application of the pitch in the form of the organization. And logic.
On the basis of Allen Ford's collection principle and Himdemith's classification of chord tension, on the basis of the analysis of the intrinsic structure and sound characteristics of the pitch material, the author focuses on the key materials of the sound material as the core material for the development of music, the modulation, the connotation of the tone, the sound characteristics and so on in the music. The law of change and development has been analyzed, and a logical reasoning method has been initially formed to comprehend the macro concept by microscopic form.
The article analyzes the pitch organization techniques of the tune mainly from the following two aspects: pitch structure, organization and artificial scale.
(1) the study of the structure of the pitch structure:
The compression and expansion of the 1. range
In his attempt to half tone music, Bartok summed up a creative technique belonging to his own, that is, the compression and expansion of the range. This technique Bartok himself did not make a further discussion. In the study of the small universe, the author found that this technique is a more common technique in Bartok's writing music. Through the compression and expansion of the range, it regulates the sound color in the music development and changes, transforms the melody and the chord structure, so that the music presents a rich musical form in the effective control of the change of the sound range.
The structural force of the 2. tri tone sound in the music
As the representative theory of Bartok's "axis" system as his theory of the use of the modulation, the article begins with a new approach to the minimum unit three full tone range embodied in the "axis" system, and studies the use of the characteristic range of the three full tone range from the melody to the three full tone range. Finally, it extends to the application of parallel dual tones with three full tone intervals, and explores Bartok's way of thinking in the development of three full tones of characteristic intervals.
3. the structural force of the set of four tones in the music
"Small cosmological music" has a rational and logical organizational feature. The article is based on the analysis of the four tone set 4-23 (12) which is closest to the five tone scale of China, based on the internal mechanism and sound characteristics of the set, and combines music to parse Bartok with 4-23 (12), the four sound, as the core material of the music, and through this The expansion of a set forms the development of the five tone scale and the musical scale with different sizes and tones.
(two) the study of the application of the artificial scale:
In the small universe, we also see the use of the whole semi scale, the full tone scale in the piece of music and the use of the whole music material in addition to the use of our common size and the "church style". These two scales are combined with a special range based on the center of the tune in the small universe and form a change form in the small universe. A unique style of music.
To sum up, < the small universe > with the traditional style, the tonality as the cornerstone, the folk music material as the flesh and blood. In the work, the two factors are extended and breakthroughs to form Bartok's concentrated, concise, logical pitch writing technique in the organization of the pitch organization, and through the study of the minimum unit pitch in the Bartok music system, How do we structure and organize music through the smallest pitch organization so that perceptual music and rational structure are more integrated.
【学位授予单位】：西安音乐学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：J605

【引证文献】