中国民族音乐文化修志传统与“集成学”学科之构建

发布时间：2019-04-28 16:41

【摘要】： 中华民族悠悠五千年,以无以伦比的创造精神,共同养育了博大精深、辉煌灿烂的中华文化。中国素有整理保存民族文化遗产的传统,中华民族文化富于创造,也惠于保存。几千年来中国文化保持一种修续传统,《诗经》《乐府》《九宫大成》……“盛世修志”成为一种历史惯例。而流传下来的音乐典籍,无疑都存在一定规律性:皆是政府组织的修志行为,并且由于权威人士的支持和学校教育的推广才得以流传至今。这些音乐典籍都是璀璨宏富的传统音乐遗产中的瑰宝,它可以使读者鉴古知来,通古启今。这些典籍,对我国人类学、音乐学、历史学、社会学、民俗学研究具有很高的史料价值、科研价值和实用价值,亦可至今人于广阔的文化背景和文化氛围之中来考察传统音乐,对探讨传统音乐在整个社会结构和文化系统中的作用和功能起了积极的推动作用。综观我国古代的民族民间音乐集成杰作,《诗经》共三百零五篇,为我国第一部诗歌总集,其中的“国风”为我国最早的民歌编选集;汉武帝设“乐府”广集民间里巷歌谣,以观风俗,知薄厚,建立了国家级的采风制度,也许由于是当时的记谱方法不够发达,或者因为曲调都是由口传心记,所以只记下了歌词;另有一些零散的连词带谱的保存了下来的歌曲像南北朝的《幽兰》曲谱和宋代姜夔的《白石道人歌曲集》,又因数量上的缺乏很难成体系进行研究;即便是旷世文献《新定九宫大成南北词宫谱》,收录了我国从9世纪到18世纪千余年流传下来的4466首乐谱之多,也只是一部《律吕正义》的拾碎……凡此种种集成,都受到政治、经济、人员、技术等因素的制约,未能有今日“十大集成”这样大面积的调查、普查、整理和出版。这部历时二十余年,被列入国家艺术科学重点项目、国家社科基金重大项目的“中国十部民族民间文艺集成志书”编纂出版是一项浩瀚工程。这十部集成包括《中国民间歌曲集成》、《中国民族民间器乐曲集成》、《中国戏曲音乐集成》、《中国曲艺音乐集成》、《中国民族民间舞蹈集成》、《中国戏曲志》、《中国民间故事集成》、《中国歌谣集成》、《中国谚语集成》、《中国曲艺志》。十部集成志书,资料极为丰富。这次对于民族民间音乐的搜集整理,不同于以往任何朝代的任何一部集成,它可以说是一次不留空白点的文化遗产整理。这十部集成志书的出版,在文化领域里,更产生了新的研究学科——集成学。本文谨以四部中国民族民间音乐集成的发展脉络为隅,以一位当代年轻音乐史学学习者的视角,以音乐艺术集成志书编纂为主线,兼述中国音乐集成志书的历史发展,觊觎音乐集成学学科的构建,旨在唤起人们对这部具有特殊价值的民族音乐典籍的再认识和对我国非物质文化遗产保护与传承的思考。
[Abstract]:Chinese nation leisurely 5, 000 years, with the incomparable spirit of creation, together raised the broad and profound, brilliant and splendid Chinese culture. China has a tradition of organizing and preserving national cultural heritages, Chinese culture is rich in creation, but also beneficial to preservation. For thousands of years, Chinese culture has maintained a tradition of repair, the Book of songs, Yuefu, Jiutong Dacheng. It has become a kind of historical practice to practice the record of the prosperous times. There is no doubt that there is a certain regularity in the music books which have been handed down: they are the actions of the government organization, and the support of the authoritative personages and the promotion of the school education have made it possible to spread to the present day. These classical music books are the treasures of the resplendent and rich traditional music heritage, which enables readers to learn from the ancient times and to enlighten the present from the ancient times. These classics have very high historical data value, scientific research value and practical value for the study of anthropology, music, history, sociology and folklore in our country, and can also examine traditional music in a broad cultural background and cultural atmosphere. It plays a positive role in exploring the function and function of traditional music in the whole social structure and cultural system. Looking at the masterpieces of folk music integration in ancient China, the Book of songs consists of 305 pieces, which is the first collection of poems in China. Among them, "Guofeng" is the earliest anthology of folk songs in China. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a "Yuefu" to widely collect folk Lane ballads in order to observe customs, know well, and set up a national-level collecting style system, perhaps because the recording methods at that time were not sufficiently developed, or because the tunes were all recorded by word of mouth. So I only wrote down the lyrics; There are also some scattered hyphenation bands preserved songs such as the Southern and Northern dynasties "Youlan" music spectrum and the Song Dynasty Jiang Kui's "Bai Shi Dao Man Song Collection", but also because of the lack of quantitative research is very difficult to make a system; Even the long-lived literature, the Song of the North-South ci of Dacheng in Xinding Nine Palace, contains 4466 pieces of music that have been handed down from the 9th century to the 18th century in China, but it is only the collection of the book "Justice between Lu and Lu". All these integrations are restricted by political, economic, personnel, technical and other factors, and there is no such a large-scale survey, census, collation and publication of today's "Top Ten Integration". This book, which lasted more than 20 years, has been listed as the key project of the state art science. The compilation and publication of the "Ten Chinese Folk Literature and Art Integration Records" of the National Social Science Fund is a vast project. These ten integrations include the Integration of Chinese Folk songs, the Integration of Chinese Folk Organ Music, the Integration of Chinese Opera Music, the Integration of Chinese Quyi Music, the Integration of Chinese Folk Dance, and the Chronicle of Chinese Opera. Chinese Folk Story Integration, Chinese Proverbs Integration, Chinese Quyi Records. Ten integrated log books are extremely rich in data. This time the collection and arrangement of folk music is different from any integration of any dynasty in the past, it can be said to be a collection of cultural heritage without leaving a blank spot. The publication of these ten integrated books has produced a new research subject-Integrative Science in the field of culture. This paper takes the development of four pieces of Chinese folk music integration as an example, from the perspective of a contemporary young musical historiography learner, takes the compilation of music art integration journal as the main line, and also describes the historical development of Chinese music integration journal. The construction of the subject of music integration is aimed at arousing people's re-understanding of this folk music book with special value and thinking about the protection and inheritance of the intangible cultural heritage of our country.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：J607

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