硬质合金生产企业粉尘对作业工人肺功能的影响

发布时间：2018-05-31 21:28

本文选题：硬质合金生产 + 粉尘浓度　；参考：《环境与职业医学》2017年03期

【摘要】：[目的]探讨硬质合金生产粉尘对作业工人肺功能的影响,为制定硬质合金生产作业工人职业健康监护技术规范提供科学依据。[方法]对湖南省3家硬质合金生产企业272名碳化钨、碳化钴粉尘接触工人(接尘组)及同企业非粉尘作业工人168名工人(对照组)进行个人问卷调查、肺功能测定及职业卫生现场调查。[结果]3家企业碳化钨、碳化钴粉尘8 h时间加权平均浓度超标率为6.3%(8/127)。接尘组咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、气急及呼吸困难报告率分别为13.24%、12.50%、12.50%、9.19%及8.82%,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。接尘组用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、呼气流速峰值(PEF)、用力呼气25%时的瞬间流速(FEF25)四项指标的实测值/预计值百分比分别为(98.69±11.72)%、(93.39±12.22)%、(92.59±17.19)%、(90.22±21.98)%,明显低于对照组[分别为(105.35±11.59)%、(99.15±11.28)%、(99.49±17.83)%和(96.45±19.24)%],差异有统计学意义(P0.01);粉尘浓度超标岗位与非超标岗位工人肺功能测定指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]硬质合金生产粉尘对作业工人呼吸系统损伤明显,作业工人肺通气功能及部分小气道通气功能下降。
[Abstract]:[objective] to explore the effect of cemented carbide dust on lung function of workers in order to provide scientific basis for establishing technical standard of occupational health monitoring for workers working in cemented carbide production. [methods] A questionnaire survey was conducted among 272 tungsten carbide, cobalt carbide dust exposed workers (exposure group) and 168 workers (control group) in three cemented carbide production enterprises in Hunan Province. Pulmonary function test and occupational hygiene field investigation. [results] the weighted average concentration of tungsten carbide and cobalt carbide dust in 8 h was 6.3g / 127g. The reported rates of cough, expectoration, chest tightness, shortness of breath and dyspnea in the dust-exposed group were 13.24% and 12.50%, 9.19% and 8.82%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (P 0.05). In the dust exposure group, the percentage of measured / predicted values of forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1, peak expiratory flow rate and FEF25 were 98.69 卤11.72 卤93.39 卤12.2292.59 卤21.98 卤90.22 卤21.98, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [99.49 卤17.83% and 96.45 卤19.24%, respectively]. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.01), and there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the workers with dust concentration exceeding the standard and non-standard workers (P 0.05). [conclusion] the dust produced by cemented carbides can damage the respiratory system of workers obviously, and the ventilatory function of lung and some small airway of workers are decreased.
【作者单位】：湖南省职业病防治院体检中心;株洲市劳动卫生职业病防治中心科教信息科;中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所;
【基金】：2014年度公益性行业科研专项项目(编号:20140021)
【分类号】：R135.2

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