呼吸道病毒与气道上皮细胞的免疫调控

发布时间：2018-06-07 09:33

  本文选题：气道上皮细胞 + 呼吸道病毒　； 参考：《解放军医学杂志》2017年10期

【摘要】：气道是人体与外界交流的重要通道,每天人体经气道吸入空气可达10 000~20 000升,因此不可避免地需要与环境中大量的致病微生物长期接触。与"职业型(professional)"免疫细胞类似,气道上皮细胞(AECs)具有天然免疫功能,能侦测病原体(如不同种属的呼吸道病毒)的入侵并迅速产生宿主免疫反应。近年来的研究发现,为避免慢性炎症和维持免疫稳态,作为"非职业型(non-professional)"免疫细胞的AECs具有重要的调控气道局部免疫力的功能,这些功能包括:(1)AECs可高水平表达模式识别受体(PRRs),又称病原相关模式(PAMP),如Toll样受体家族(TLRs)、维A酸诱导基因Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ)样受体等,这些受体的存在使得AECs具有灵敏的病原侦测功能。(2)AECs通过调节天然免疫反应的灵敏度,发挥天然免疫和获得性免疫的调节器作用,在气道微环境中通过与"职业型"免疫细胞的互相作用,使针对病原体的宿主免疫反应达到可控的程度。(3)AECs免疫调节功能的缺失或破坏可能引起慢性气道炎症性疾病的发生和发展。本综述聚焦AECs如何通过直接作用和间接作用调控气道免疫能力,应对呼吸道病毒这一类重要的气道病原体感染,并着重阐明由于AECs调控机制的缺失和改变导致气道黏膜免疫功能失调和炎症(如急性和慢性鼻-鼻窦炎)的机制。
[Abstract]:The airway is an important channel for the human body to communicate with the outside world. It can inhale 10 000 ~ 20 000 liters of air through the airway every day, so it is inevitable to contact a large number of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment for a long time. Similar to the "occupational type" immune cells, the airway epithelial cells (AECs) have innate immune function, which can detect the invasion of pathogens (such as respiratory viruses of different species) and produce host immune response rapidly. In recent years, it has been found that, in order to avoid chronic inflammation and maintain immune homeostasis, AECs, as a non-occupational non-professionary immune cell, plays an important role in regulating airway local immunity. These functions include the high level expression of AECs, also known as pathogen-associated patterns, such as Toll receptor family TLRsN, retinoic acid-inducible gene 鈪，

本文编号：1990707