生产性粉尘对劳动者健康影响的研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 17:05

【摘要】：目的：分析昆山市某企业连续5年的职业健康体检结果，评价该企业生产性粉尘对劳动者身体健康的影响；通过对该企业职业卫生学调查及监测数据的分析，评价该企业职业卫生状况。为生产性粉尘对劳动者健康危害与控制，提供客观依据。方法：随机选取本市某企业2007年上岗前参与职业健康体检的员工（均按照国家职业健康监护标准，统一按照接触粉尘作业人员职业健康体检项目进行职业健康体检，并体检项目均合格且接下来连续5年从事同一工种）468名，其中入职后从事生产性粉尘作业员工200名设为接尘组，入职后从事非生产性粉尘作业员工268名为非接尘组。对这468名员工进行每年一次的职业健康体检，连续5年（即2008-2012），按照粉尘作业人员职业健康体检标准进行检查，分析两组人员每年的职业健康体检结果。对该企业的生产工艺、原辅材料、生产设备、防护设施、个人卫生防护用品进行调查。对该企业的作业场所进行粉尘浓度（滤膜重量法）、分散度（乙酸丁酯法）、游离二氧化硅（焦磷酸法）含量测定。结果：本次研究对象共计468人，其中接尘作业人员200人，非接尘人员268人，从2008年至2012年连续5年参加职业健康体检（均按照粉尘作业人员职业健康体检标准），，连续五次的职业健康体检中高千伏胸片异常主要是两肺纹理的增多及紊乱，未发现尘肺病患者，肺功能的异常主要是FVC，FEV1小于80%，FEV1小于70%，心电图的异常主要是窦性心律失常，尿常规异常主要是隐血阳性及尿液葡萄糖阳性，血常规的异常主要是白细胞减少及红细胞与血红蛋白的减少，血清ALT主要是检验值高于正常值。2008年至2012年接尘组及非接尘组各项检查的单独异常率及连续五年的总体异常率经统计学比较，差异无统计学意义。接尘组与非接尘组健康状况一致。连续5年对该企业的生产工艺、原辅材料、生产设备、防护设施、个人卫生防护用品进行调查。对该企业的作业场所进行粉尘浓度（滤膜重量法）、分散度（乙酸丁酯法）、游离二氧化硅（焦磷酸法）含量测定。均评价为合格。结论：目前该企业生产性粉尘作业人员没有发现疑似职业病和职业病病人，接尘组工人健康状况尚好，且健康状况与非接尘组一致；该企业职业卫生状况整体较好，其他涉及接尘作业的企业应积极向该企业学习，使企业的职业病危害降到最低限度，充分保障劳动者权益。但是接尘工人是否发生尘肺病，取决于接触粉尘浓度大小、游离SiO2含量高低、粉尘颗粒大小以及接尘工龄长短、个人防护用品等诸因素。一般认为，接尘浓度大、游离SiO2含量高、粉尘颗粒分散度大、接尘工龄长者就易患尘肺病；反之，则不易患尘肺病。粉尘对作业工人健康危害较大，在职的接尘工人仍有发生尘肺病的可能。因此，必须采取有效的防尘措施，降低工作场所粉尘浓度，加强工人的个人防护，给工人配发合格的防尘用品，并要求工人上岗作业必须佩戴好防尘口罩，减少粉尘对作业工人的危害。并认真做好工人的上岗前、在岗期间、离岗时的职业健康体检。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the occupational health examination results of a company in Kunshan for 5 years and evaluate the effect of the productive dust on the health of the workers. Through the analysis of the occupational hygienic investigation and monitoring data of the enterprise, the occupational health status of the enterprise is evaluated and the health hazards and control of the productive powder dust on workers are provided. Basis.
Methods: the employees who participated in the occupational health examination before 2007 were selected randomly (all in accordance with the national occupational health monitoring standard, according to the occupational health checkup project of the workers exposed to dust, and the physical examination items were all qualified and 468 for the next 5 years). 200 employees engaged in productive dust operations were set up as dust groups, and 268 non productive dust workers were engaged in non dust collection after their entry. The 468 employees were examined for 5 years (2008-2012) for 5 years (2008-2012), and the occupational health standards of the workers were checked to analyze the occupations of the two groups of personnel each year. The results of health examination. Investigation of the production process, raw and auxiliary materials, production equipment, protection facilities and personal hygiene protection articles. Dust concentration (filter weight method), dispersion (butyl acetate method), free silica (pyrophosphoric acid method) content determination for the workplace of the enterprise are carried out.
Results: a total of 468 people were studied, of which 200 were exposed to dust and 268 were not exposed to dust. From 2008 to 2012, there were 5 years of occupational health examination (all according to occupational health examination standards for dust workers), and five consecutive occupational health examinations were mainly the increase and disorder of two lung textures. The abnormal lung function of the patients with pneumoconiosis was mainly FVC, FEV1 less than 80%, FEV1 less than 70%, the abnormal electrocardiogram was mainly sinus arrhythmia, the routine abnormal urine was mainly occult blood and urine glucose positive. The abnormal blood routine was mainly leucocyte reduction and the decrease of red cell and hemoglobin, and the serum ALT was the main test value. The individual abnormal rate and the total abnormal rate of five years for five years in the dust group and the non dust group were compared with the normal values. The difference was not statistically significant between the dust group and the non dust group. For 5 years, the production technology, the raw materials, the production equipment, the protective facilities, and the personal hygiene and prevention of the enterprise's production process were consistent. The dust concentration (filter weight method), dispersion (Ding Zhifa) and free silica (pyrophosphoric acid method) content in the workplace of the enterprise were measured. All of them were evaluated as qualified.
Conclusion: the occupational dust workers in the enterprise have not found the suspected occupational disease and the occupational disease patients at present. The health status of the workers in the dust collection group is still good, and the health condition is the same as that of the non dust receiving group. The occupational health status of the enterprise is good as a whole, and other enterprises involving the dust picking work should learn from the enterprise so as to make the occupational hazards of the enterprise harm. It will be reduced to a minimum, and the rights and interests of the workers are fully guaranteed.
But whether the dust workers have pneumoconiosis depends on the dust concentration, the content of free SiO2, the size of the dust particles, the length of the dust exposure, the personal protective equipment and other factors. It is generally believed that the dust concentration is large, the free SiO2 content is high, the dust particle dispersion is large, and the dust particles are easily affected by the pneumoconiosis disease; conversely, it is not. It is easy to suffer from pneumoconiosis.
Dust has great harm to workers' health, and the workers in service still have the possibility of pneumoconiosis. Therefore, effective dust prevention measures must be taken to reduce dust concentration in the workplace, strengthen workers' personal protection, distribute qualified dust supplies to workers, and need to wear good dust respirators for workers to go to work and reduce dust. The hazards of the workers. And conscientiously do well the occupational health examination of the workers before they are on duty.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R135.2

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