重视上呼吸道疾病的认识、诊疗和预防

发布时间：2018-08-22 08:34

【摘要】：鼻腔(包括鼻窦)是上呼吸道的重要组成部分,其黏膜表层由假复层柱状上皮组成。鼻腔具有许多重要的生理学功能,例如对吸入气体的过滤、加温、加湿等。位于鼻腔顶部的嗅区上皮还具有重要的嗅觉功能,这也是人类识别周围环境和保护人体不受外界危险物质侵袭的重要防御机能之一。鼻腔黏膜上皮作为人体与外界接触的第一道生理和免疫学屏障,能够清除空气中绝大多数的颗粒,其中不乏大量的污染物质、致病微生物(如病毒、细菌、真菌)和过敏原等,因此发生于鼻腔的鼻炎(过敏性或感染性),鼻-鼻窦炎及其相关的合并症等都是全球性常见病和高发病。在过去的10~20年间,随着医学科学技术和科研工作的深入和发展,我们对鼻部常见疾病的免疫和病理生理学机制的理解有了很大提高,为改善现有的诊疗技术和研发更有效的治疗鼻部和相关呼吸道疾病的新疗法提供了良好的机遇。随着气象、环境(污染)、易感人群等外因的变化,上呼吸道疾病在流行病学、病种等方面呈现出诸多新特征,我们在基础和临床科研工作中应重新认识该疾病,以便更有效地对该疾病进行预防、诊断和治疗。
[Abstract]:The nasal cavity (including the paranasal sinuses) is an important part of the upper respiratory tract. Its mucosal surface is composed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The nasal cavity has many important physiological functions, such as filtering, warming and humidifying inhaled gases. Nasal mucosal epithelium, as the first physiological and immunological barrier of human contact with the outside world, can remove most of the particles in the air, including a large number of pollutants, pathogenic microorganisms (such as viruses, bacteria, fungi) and allergens. Nasal rhinitis (allergic or infectious), rhinosinusitis and its associated complications are common and high incidence worldwide. In the past 10 to 20 years, with the development of medical science and technology and scientific research, our understanding of the immune and pathophysiological mechanisms of common nasal diseases has been greatly improved to improve the realization. With the changes of meteorology, environment (pollution), susceptible population and other external factors, upper respiratory tract diseases have shown many new characteristics in epidemiology, disease types and so on. We should re-recognize them in basic and clinical research work. The disease is more effective in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
【作者单位】：新加坡国立大学杨潞龄医学院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科系;
【分类号】：R56

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