人造矿物纤维绝热棉对作业工人呼吸系统的影响

发布时间：2019-01-22 21:03

【摘要】：[目的]探讨人造矿物纤维绝热棉不同职业接触特征对作业工人呼吸系统的影响。[方法]选择职业接触特征呈低纤维计数浓度、高总粉尘质量浓度的岩棉(含矿渣棉)企业的99名作业工人及低纤维计数浓度、低总粉尘质量浓度的玻璃棉企业的98名作业工人分别作为岩棉接触组和玻璃棉接触组,并分别选择141名和100名仅接触噪声的作业工人作为对照组,进行肺通气功能和鼻咽部检查。收集生产企业作业工人既往尘肺病、肺癌、恶性间皮瘤等发病资料。[结果]岩棉接触组限制性肺通气功能障碍检出率为28.3%,高于对照组(9.9%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且与岩棉接触工龄呈线性趋势关系(P0.05)。玻璃棉接触组限制性肺通气功能障碍检出率为14.3%,与对照组(8.0%)差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与玻璃棉接触工龄无线性趋势关系(P0.05)。岩棉和玻璃棉接触组慢性鼻炎检出率均为7.1%,与各自对照组(2.8%和4.0%)差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。慢性咽炎检出率分别为31.3%和52.0%,高于各自对照组(5.7%和6.0%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);慢性咽炎的影响因素有岩棉或玻璃棉接触、吸烟等。收集到"矿岩棉尘肺"2例,未收集到肺癌、恶性间皮瘤等病例。[结论]接触人造矿物纤维绝热棉可导致以限制性通气功能障碍为主的肺通气功能损害,可能具有一定的致纤维化作用,接触总粉尘质量浓度高的岩棉对肺通气功能损害的效应较接触总粉尘质量浓度低的玻璃棉更为明显。
[Abstract]:Objective] to study the effects of different occupational contact characteristics of artificial mineral fiber adiabatic cotton on the respiratory system of workers. [methods] 99 workers and low fiber count concentration of rock wool (containing slag cotton) with high total dust concentration and low fiber count concentration were selected as the characteristics of occupational contact. 98 workers in glass cotton enterprises with low total dust concentration were treated as rock wool contact group and glass cotton exposure group, and 141 and 100 workers exposed to noise were selected as control group, respectively. Pulmonary ventilation function and nasopharynx were examined. Collect past pneumoconiosis, lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma and so on. [results] the positive rate of restrictive pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in rock wool contact group was 28.3%, which was higher than that in control group (9.9%), the difference was statistically significant (P0.05), and there was a linear trend relationship with the contact age of rock wool (P0.05). The positive rate of restricted pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in glass cotton contact group was 14.3g, there was no significant difference between glass cotton contact group and control group (8.0%) (P0.05); The detection rate of chronic rhinitis in the contact group of rock wool and glass cotton was 7.1, which was not significantly different from that of the control group (2.8% and 4.0%) (P0.05). The detection rate of chronic pharyngitis was 31. 3% and 52. 0%, which was higher than that of control group (5. 7% and 6. 0%), the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The influencing factors of chronic pharyngitis were rock wool or glass wool contact, smoking and so on. Two cases of mineral wool pneumoconiosis were collected, but no cases of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma were collected. [conclusion] exposure to artificial mineral fiber adiabatic cotton may lead to pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, which may have some fibrosis effect. The effect of rock wool with high total dust concentration on lung ventilation function was more obvious than that on glass cotton with low total dust concentration.
【作者单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所;
【基金】：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“卫生安全重要技术标准研制”(编号:2006BAK04A11) 卫生标准制(修)订项目(编号:20110201)
【分类号】：R135.2

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