气管支架在良性气道狭窄中的应用

发布时间：2019-04-15 20:36

【摘要】：良性气道狭窄在呼吸介入领域中越来越常见,在我国,因结核感染而引起的良性气道狭窄最为多见。近年来随着危重症救治技术的提高,气管插管及气管切开所导致的气道狭窄逐年增加。气道狭窄的初始症状一般为呼吸困难,可伴有阻塞性炎症,若治疗不及时,则呼吸困难等症状会渐进性加重,直至出现呼吸衰竭等威胁生命的情况。传统的治疗方式首选手术治疗,但随着科学技术的发展和完善,气管支架所带来的副作用也逐渐减少,目前已成为良性气道狭窄不可或缺的治疗方法。但截至目前,支架的种类、使用及不同支架的优缺点并没有统一的规定和阐述。本综述阐述了几种类型的气管支架,并就其临床应用、优缺点、并发症等方面做了简单介绍和比较,旨在通过总结和对比,对现有支架进行基本介绍,为今后气管支架的选择及应用提供帮助。
[Abstract]:Benign airway stenosis is more and more common in the field of respiratory intervention. In China, benign airway stenosis caused by tuberculosis infection is most common. In recent years, with the improvement of critical treatment technology, airway stenosis caused by tracheal intubation and tracheotomy increased year by year. The initial symptom of airway stenosis is usually dyspnea, which can be accompanied by obstructive inflammation. If the treatment is not timely, the symptoms such as dyspnea will gradually aggravate, until respiratory failure and other life-threatening conditions. However, with the development and perfection of science and technology, the side effects of tracheal stents have been reduced gradually, which has become an indispensable treatment for benign airway stenosis. But up to now, there is no uniform regulation and explanation on the types, use and advantages and disadvantages of different scaffolds. This review describes several types of tracheal stents, and makes a brief introduction and comparison of their clinical application, advantages and disadvantages, complications and so on, in order to make a basic introduction to the existing stents through summary and comparison. It is helpful for the selection and application of tracheal stent in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河北医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R56

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