老年人及非老年人肺栓塞临床特征的分析
发布时间:2021-08-17 23:57
目的:分析老年人与非老年人肺栓塞患者的临床特点,了解老年人与非老年肺栓塞的异同点。背景:肺动脉栓塞(PE)是指内源性或外源性栓子堵塞肺动脉或其分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征。肺由肺动脉和支气管动脉双重供血,两组血管有丰富的吻合支,当肺动脉的某一分支栓塞后,肺组织因支气管动脉的侧支供血而不发生异常,栓子较小未能完全堵塞肺动脉分支时也不易发生供血障碍。较大的栓子堵塞肺动脉大分支或主干可引起急性右心衰竭或心肌梗死而致死亡。在欧美国家,死亡率仅次于心脑血管疾病和恶性肿瘤。血流淤滞,血液凝固性增高和静脉内皮损伤是血栓形成的促进因素。因此,创伤、长期卧床、静脉曲张、静脉插管、盆腔和髋部手术、肥胖、糖尿病、避孕药或其他原因的凝血机制亢进等,容易诱发静脉血栓形成。肺栓塞临床表现缺乏特异性,临床出现呼吸困难、剧烈胸痛、咯血、发热等症状常与其他心肺疾病混淆。近年来由于对于肺栓塞认识的不断提高,其误诊率和漏诊率有所下降,但由于肺栓塞的发病率、病死率随年龄的增长而上升,特别是老年人肺栓塞由于多与其他疾病合并存在,临床症状不典型,病情复杂,造成诊断困难,死亡率高,有报道老年人的肺血栓栓塞症生前诊断仅为...
【文章来源】:吉林大学吉林省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】:57 页
【学位级别】:硕士
【文章目录】:
中文摘要
Abstract
Abbreviations and Acronyms
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of PE
2.2 Epidemiology
2.3 Causes
2.4 Risk factors
2.5 Symptoms
2.6 Pathophysiology
2.7 Classification of PE
2.8 Investigations
2.8.1 Scoring systems: Wells score, Geneva score, PERC score and PESI
2.8.2 Biomarkers
2.8.3 Diagnostic Tests and Tools
2.9 Treatment and Management
2.10 Prevention
CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Materials
3.2 Methods
3.3 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS
4.1 Basic diseases
4.2 DVT
4.3 Echocardiography
4.4 D-dimer
4.5 Troponin and BNP
4.6 Hazard stratification
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION
5.1 Risk factors of PE
5.2 Damage of right heart function caused by PE
5.3 D dimer
5.4 Imaging examination
5.5 Risk stratification of PE
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION
本文编号:3348767
【文章来源】:吉林大学吉林省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】:57 页
【学位级别】:硕士
【文章目录】:
中文摘要
Abstract
Abbreviations and Acronyms
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of PE
2.2 Epidemiology
2.3 Causes
2.4 Risk factors
2.5 Symptoms
2.6 Pathophysiology
2.7 Classification of PE
2.8 Investigations
2.8.1 Scoring systems: Wells score, Geneva score, PERC score and PESI
2.8.2 Biomarkers
2.8.3 Diagnostic Tests and Tools
2.9 Treatment and Management
2.10 Prevention
CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Materials
3.2 Methods
3.3 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS
4.1 Basic diseases
4.2 DVT
4.3 Echocardiography
4.4 D-dimer
4.5 Troponin and BNP
4.6 Hazard stratification
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION
5.1 Risk factors of PE
5.2 Damage of right heart function caused by PE
5.3 D dimer
5.4 Imaging examination
5.5 Risk stratification of PE
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION
本文编号:3348767
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