重庆市青少年学生亚健康现况及其危险行为因素研究

  本文关键词：重庆市青少年学生亚健康现况及其危险行为因素研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

        目的了解重庆市青少年学生亚健康及其危险行为因素的发生情况，探索影响重庆市青少年学生亚健康发生的主要因素。方法本研究应用定性与定量研究相结合的方法。1、定性研究：采取非概率抽样方法中的目的抽样，选取重庆市某主城区普通高校、普通完中各1所，分别对这2所学校的老师、学生进行个人深入访谈和专题小组讨论。2、定量研究：在重庆市某主城区和三峡库区某县，分别选取普通完中1所；在重庆市大学城选取文、理、医科类大学各1所。采用分层整群随机抽样方法，以小班为单位，从初一到大三被抽取班的全体学生作为研究对象，进行问卷调查。调查内容主要包括青少年亚健康多维评定问卷（MSQA）、亚健康相关危险行为因素问卷。使用SPSS19.0软件，分别对青少年学生亚健康状况、相关危险行为因素的性别、城乡、学业阶段之间的差异进行卡方检验比较，并采用Logistic回归进行因素分析。结果1、定性研究结果：重庆市青少年学生对于亚健康及其相关知识的知晓情况较差，并且知识获取途径有限；青少年学生的亚健康较为普遍，反映较多的症状有：疲劳、厌学、压力大、睡眠问题、情绪问题、适应性问题、人际交往问题等；普遍反映的亚健康的相关危险行为因素总结为4方面：①家庭因素；②社会因素；③学校因素；④个人行为特征；受访同学和老师也分别从自身角度提出了一些亚健康干预建议：加强宣传、增强体育锻炼、规律作息、管制烟酒销售等。2、定量研究结果：重庆市青少年学生躯体、心理、身心亚健康症状检出率分别为48.7%、54.0%、64.5%；躯体、心理、身心亚健康状态检出率分别为23.9%、20.0%、20.6%，与全国水平比较，各指标均显著高于全国（P<0.05）。不同性别间各亚健康指标检出差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；心理、身心亚健康症状和心理亚健康状态的检出率农村学生显著高于城镇学生（P<0.05）；初中、高中、大学三个学业阶段之间各亚健康指标检出率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），不同学业阶段分别按年级分析，初中亚健康各指标检出率随年级升高而升高（P<0.05），高中生中躯体亚健康状态检出率随年级升高而升高（P<0.05），，大学生中心理、身心亚健康症状随年级生升高而降低（P<0.05）。本研究将青少年亚健康危险行为因素分为7方面分别进行分析：①饮食相关行为。55.2%被调查者有不规律早餐行为，男生高于女生（P<0.05），大学>高中>初中（P<0.05）；45.8%有偏食行为，城镇高于农村（P<0.05）；通过节食、药物、催吐减肥的检出率分别为7.5%、2.5%、1.6%，节食、药物减肥的女生高于男生，城镇高于农村（P<0.05），大学>高中>初中（P<0.05）。②生活习惯相关行为。不同性别、学业阶段每周参加大强度运动和小强度运动的时间分布差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；每周上网时间城乡、不同学业阶段组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。③意外伤害情况。青少年学生意外伤害总检出率为67.7%，男生高于女生（P<0.05），农村高于城镇学生（P<0.05），高中>初中>大学（P<0.05）。④自我伤害行为。青少年学生自伤行为总检出率为20.6%，城镇高于农村（P<0.05），高中>初中>大学（P<0.05）；青少年自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀未遂的检出率分别为11.2%、5.3%、2.4%，其中自杀意念检出率城镇学生高于农村（P<0.05），自杀计划、自杀未遂检出率初中>高中>大学（P<0.05）；⑤物质滥用行为。青少年吸烟、饮酒、醉酒及擅用药物的检出率分别为5.4%、18.1%、3.3%和3.1%，不同学业阶段的各项检出率差异均有统计学意义，吸烟、饮酒、醉酒的检出率男生高于女生（P<0.05），吸烟和擅用药物的检出率农村高于城镇（P<0.05）。⑥网瘾。5.2%青少年学生检出网络成瘾，男生>女生（P<0.05），高中>初中>大学（P<0.05）。⑦不安全性行为。9.4%的大学生受试者表示发生过性行为，其中最近一次性行为中未使用安全套的占到41.6%，各组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。初中、高中、大学分别做亚健康状态影响因素logistic回归分析发现：每周小强度运动是初中生躯体亚健康状态的保护因素，不规律早餐、不健康减肥、自我伤害、自杀计划、擅用药物、网瘾均为初中生躯体亚健康状态的危险因素，偏食、不健康减肥、自我伤害、自杀意念、自杀计划、网瘾是初中生心理亚健康状态的危险因素（P<0.05）；偏食、不健康减肥、每周大强度运动、自我伤害行为、自杀意念、擅用药物行为是高中生躯体亚健康状态的危险因素（P<0.05），每周大强度运动是高中生心理亚健康状态的保护因素，自我伤害行为、自杀意念、擅用药物、网瘾是其危险因素；自杀意念、网瘾、不安全性行为是大学生躯体亚健康状态的危险因素（P<0.05），不健康减肥、自我伤害、自杀意念、自杀未遂、网瘾大学生是心理亚健康状态的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论重庆市青少年学生亚健康及其危险行为因素的发生率均较高，建议社会、学校、家庭三方共同努力，帮助青少年学生养成有益健康的生活行为习惯，及早发现和干预青少年学生亚健康，促进青少年学生健康成长。

    Objective:To investigate the sub-health status and risk behaviors of adolescents in Chongqing,to explore the influenceing factors of sub-health for adolescence in Chongqing.Method:Quantitative and qualitative study methods are both used in this study.1、qualitative study:used purposive sampling method, selected one university, one middle school in Chongqing,and some teachers and students in these schoos were interviewed in different forms;2、Quantitative study:two middle school was sampled and three universities was selected in Chongqing using the stratified cluster sampling method. The investigation included MSQA, sub-health related behavioral risk factor questionnaire. SPSS19.0was used to analysis the students’sub-health status and the risk behavior factors by gender, urban and rural, academic with the chi-square test, also factor analysis with the Logistic regression.Results:1、The results of qualitative study:Chongqing adolescents knew little about sub-health, and limited access to those knowledges; Common problems as follows:fatigue,tiredness,stress,sleep problems, emotional problems,adaptive problems,interpersonal problems;Risk behaviors related factors are summarized into4aspects:①family factors;②social factors;③school factors;④individual behavioral charac-teristics.Suggestions from students and teachers interviewed as follows:strengthen the publicity of sub-health intervention, enhance physical exercise, regular work and rest, regulation of alcoholic drinks and tobacco sales.2、Results of quantitative study:The rate of physical,psychhological andpsychosomatic sub-health symptoms were48.7%,54%,64.5%; The rate of physical,psychhological andpsychosomatic sub-health status were23.9%,20%,20.6%, compared with the national level, Chongqing were significantly higher than the national (P<0.05). Gender differences between sub health indicators were no significant difference (P>0.05); urban students’physical,psychhological and psychosomatic sub-health sym ptoms and psychological sub-health status detection rate was significantly higher than that of rural students (P<0.05);high school> junior school>University (P<0.05), Junior school sub-health detection rate with the grade of each index increased (P<0.05),high school students body sub-health status detection rate with the grade increased (P<0.05),the university students’ physical,psychhological and psychoso-matic symptoms of Sub-health with grade reduce (P<0.05). The study on health risk behaviors divided into7aspects:1、Eating related behaviors:55.2%respondents had an irregular breakfast behavior.The boys detection rate was higher than the girls, university> high school> junior middle school (P<0.05);45.8%respondents had a partial eclipses behavior urban areas> rural areas (P<0.05); the detection rates of the respondents through the diet,drugs,emetic weight loss were7.5%,2.5%,1.6%.Through dieting, weight loss drug detection rate of girls was more than boys, urban> rural, university> high school> junior school (P<0.05).2、life habits related behavior:gender, academic stages of high intensity exercise and small intensity exercise time distribution of the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05);the different of weekly online time between the urban and rural was statistically significant (P<0.05);3、the situation of accidental injury:the detection rate of adolescent students’accidental injury was67.7%, boy> girl (P<0.05), rural> urban (P<0.05), high school is the highest(P<0.05);4、self-injurious behavior:self-injurious behavior detection rate was20.6%, urban> rural (P<0.05), high school>junior middle school>University (P<0.05);5、 substance abuse:Adolescent smoking,drinking wine, drinking and drug abuse detection rates were5.4%,18.1%,3.3%and3.1%,different study stages of the detection rate of the differences were statistically significant.Smoking and substance abuse detection rate, rural> urban (P<0.05), smoking,drinking, drunkenness detection rate,boy> girl (P<0.05), smoking and drug abuse detection rate,rural>urban (P<0.05);6、Internet addiction:5.2%adolescent students were detected with Internet ad dictio n,boys> girls (P<0.05),high school> junior middle school> University (P<0.05);7、sexual behavior:9.4%undergraduate subjects indicated that sexual behaviour happened,which recently disposable behavior without using condoms accounted for41.6%,every groups no significant differences (P>0.05). Logistic regression:Weekly samll intensity exercise is a protective factors of junior school students’physical sub-health status,irregular breakfast, unhealthy weight loss, self-injurious,Suicide plan,drugs,internet addiction is a risk factor of high school students’psychhological sub-health status,A partial eclipse, un-healthy weight loss,self-injurious,Suicide ideation, Suicide plan,Internet addiction are risk factors of junior school student psychological sub-health status(P<0.05);A partial eclipse,unhealthy weight loss, weekly high exercise intensity,self-injurious behavior,Suicide ideation,drug were the risk factor of high school students’physical sub-health status (P<0.05);Weekly high exercise intensity was a protective factor of high school students’psychological sub-health status, self-injurious, Suicide ideation,drug,Internet addictio were the risk factors of high school students’psychological sub-health status;Suicide ideation,internet addiction, unsafe sex were the risk factor of university students’physical sub-health status (P<0.05),unhealthy weight loss,self-injurious,Suicide ideation,Suicide attempted, internet addiction were the risk factors of high school students’psychological sub-health status (P<0.05). Conclusion:The occurrence rates of Chongqing adolescent students’ sub-health and risk behaviors were high, and we suggest the social, school, family three parties to help students to develop healthy living habits, to early detection and intervention for adolescent health, to promote the healthy growth of adolescent students.

重庆市青少年学生亚健康现况及其危险行为因素研究

英汉缩略语名词对照5-6摘要6-10ABSTRACT10-14前言15-201 研究目的202 研究对象与方法20-26    2.1 定性研究20-21    2.2 定量研究21-263 研究结果26-69    3.1 定性研究结果26-41    3.2 定量研究结果41-694 讨论与建议69-79参考文献79-81文献综述：（我国青少年学生亚健康问题的系统评价）81-94    参考文献90-94附录94-101致谢101-102攻读硕士学位期间的主要成果102

  本文关键词：重庆市青少年学生亚健康现况及其危险行为因素研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。