基于α-FR的配体探针PCR检测肾细胞癌患者循环肿瘤细胞的临床意义
发布时间:2018-04-30 08:13
本文选题:α型叶酸受体 + 循环肿瘤细胞 ; 参考:《南方医科大学》2014年硕士论文
【摘要】:据报道近十年肾癌的全球发病率大约上升了2%-4%,占全世界肿瘤人数的2%。亚洲是肾癌的低发病区,但是近年来随着经济的发展,生活方式的西化以及诊断水平的提升,亚洲地区肾癌发病率的增长速度明显高于欧洲。据调查我国1988~1992、1993-1997、1998-2002年3个时间段肾和泌尿系统其他恶性肿瘤的发病率分别为4.26/10万、5.40/10万及6.63/10万人口,发病率呈逐年上升趋势。肾癌发病率在我国泌尿生殖系统肿瘤中位居第二。 肾细胞癌(RCC)起源于肾实质的肾小管或集合管上皮细胞,占肾癌的80%-90%。其恶性程度高,对放化疗均不敏感,尽管影像学技术在不断发展,仍有接近30%的肾细胞癌患者在初次就诊时即已存在转移病灶。一旦出现远处转移,则其五年生存率不足10%,所以肾细胞癌的早期诊断和治疗对病人预后产生深远影响。尽管有关肾细胞癌相关血浆蛋白例如红细胞生成素(EPO),铁蛋白,特异性烯醇化酶以及转录生长因子-β(TGF-β)用于根治性肾切除术后预后评价的报道,但是这些标志物在肾癌诊疗过程中的实际意义有待于更多证据的支持。循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)是1869年由Ashworth首次报道,其定义是指由原发肿瘤部位脱落并进入血液循环系统的恶性肿瘤细胞。CTCs在许多实体肿瘤患者外周血中被发现,并进一步证实与肿瘤临床分期、预后密切相关,美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)也在2007年将CTCs推荐作为乳腺癌的一种肿瘤标志物。α-FR是一种通过糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)锚定在细胞膜表面的糖蛋白,由257个氨基酸组成,分子量约38kDa。其在正常上皮细胞中表达极其有限,而在上皮来源的恶性肿瘤中过度表达;文献报道超过75%的RCC其a-FR呈高度表达。目前有关肾细胞癌CTCs的研究相对较少,主要原因在于检测手段的限制;例如常见的RT-PCR, CellSearch系统及流式细胞仪等CTCs检测手段并非适合于RCC。 因此,本研究在文献报道的基础上先从mRNA和蛋白质水平检测a-FR在两种人肾癌细胞株ACHN、7860中的表达情况;再尝试采用基于a-FR的配体探针PCR技术来有效检测RCC患者外周血CTCs,初步阐述RCC患者外周血CTCs检测的临床意义。为RCC患者检测外周血CTCs提供了一种切实可行的技术手段,国内外尚无相关报道。 目的: 探索基于a-FR的配体探针PCR定量检测肾细胞癌(RCC)患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)的可行性,并进一步阐释该法定量检测RCC患者外周血CTCs的临床意义。 方法: 一:(1):选择两株人肾癌细胞株ACHN、7860,采用含10%FBS的无叶酸培养基RPMI-1640常规培养,取对数生长期细胞胰酶消化收集。另取健康志愿者外周血收集白细胞做阴性对照。Trizol提取三种细胞总RNA,常规凝胶电、泳检测RNA完整性;采用商品化试剂盒(PrimeScriptTM RT Master Mix Kit)对目的基因(a-FR)进行特异性扩增,内参基因为GAPDH。制作溶解曲线及扩增曲线,采用AAt法行相对定量分析;并紫外灯下观察凝胶电泳后的扩增产物。(2):取106的三种细胞提取总蛋白,采用BCA法行蛋白定量检测, Western blot法检测蛋白样品中a-FR的表达情况;GAPDH作内参,采用化学发光法检测杂交信号,分析表达差异。(3):为验证本实验方法能敏感而有效地从外周血中检测到CTCs,我们将培养的人肾癌细胞株ACHN进行人工掺血实验。重悬细胞分为5/ul、50/ul、500/ul、5000/ul和50000/ul五个浓度梯度,并设置PBS阴性对照组,每份样品设置三个复孔。掺入3ml健康志愿者新鲜外周血后按照标准检测流程行CTCs检测(如下文所述),采用双盲实验计算不同浓度梯度的CTCs检测值与已知数量掺血肿瘤细胞的相关性。 二:(1):3ml新鲜外周血标本首先利用红细胞裂解液去除红细胞,PBS重悬后利用标记有抗CD45抗体的免疫磁珠分选技术阴性富集CTCs,加入活化液用以活化和释放肿瘤细胞表面a-FR,加入特异性识别a-FR并标记有Taqman探针的小片段单链DNA(数据未予公布),洗涤去除未结合的多余探针,最后将结合a-FR的探针洗脱。(2):ABI Viia7荧光定量PCR仪对洗脱的小片段DNA进行特异性扩增,6个标准品用以制定标准曲线。反应条件:stagel:95℃2min,40℃30sec,60℃lmin,8℃5min,95℃lmin,1cycle; stage2:95℃10sec,35℃30sec,72℃5sec,40cycle;在步骤2中35℃退火时检测荧光信号。采用Graphpad Prism5软件对标准品起始拷贝数的对数和所测得的Ct值进行最小二乘法回归分析得到标准曲线。样品原始拷贝数通过将荧光定量PCR所测得的Ct值代入标准曲线而得到。每份样品三个复孔原始拷贝数的平均值乘以0.144转换成拷贝数/3ml。 三:我们共收集45例初诊肾细胞癌患者外周血标本共91份,其中术前1天血标本45份,术后7天血标本39份,还有3位术后病人在随访过程中采集血标本共7份。并且收集相关临床资料。合并其他恶性肿瘤者未纳入RCC组。另外采集了50例健康志愿者和35例肾脏良性病变患者的外周血标本共85份。RCC患者中男性19例,女性26例,年龄为29岁-87岁(55.58±14.16);所有RCC均经病理学确诊,包括透明细胞癌31例,嫌色细胞癌4例,乳头状癌8例,肾集合管癌2例。参照2010年AJCC肾癌TNM分期标准,T1期21例,T2期14例,T3期8例,T4期2例,M1期4例;stageⅠ21例,stageⅡ14例,stageⅢ4例,stageIV6例。肾脏良性病变包括肾结石13例、肾积水7例、肾囊肿7例及肾错构瘤6例、肾脂肪瘤2例。其中男性24例,女性11例,年龄22岁-72岁(50.74±14.28)。健康志愿者中男性27例,女性23例,年龄20岁-68岁(45.80±12.82),全部无恶性肿瘤证据,亦无家族性肿瘤病史,健康志愿者未进行常规螺旋CT检查。静脉血标本均通过常规静脉穿刺得到,舍弃最初的2.5ml血液以减小皮肤来源上皮细胞污染的风险。所有血标本采集后立即置于4℃冰箱暂时保存,并于采血后5h内行外周血CTCs检测。为防止交叉污染,肿瘤细胞掺血实验与病人血标本CTCs检测场所相互独立。分析三组间CTCs水平有无差异,RCC病人的CTCs水平是否同肿瘤TNM分期、临床分期相关,手术前后CTCs水平是否发生变化等。 四:统计学分析:所有统计分析采用SPSS13.0软件(SPSS Inc., Chicago,IL,USA)。一般线性相关分析将用于肿瘤细胞掺血实验中计算各浓度CTCs检测值与已知数量掺血肿瘤细胞的相关系数。为确定该法检测的阈值我们进行了ROC曲线分析。各组间差别采用One-way ANOVA单因素方差分析,并进行简单统计描述。RCC患者中,CTC检测值在不同TNM分期、临床分期及手术前后的差异将采用两独立样本t检验或One-way ANOVA单因素方差分析,并对两种术式在局限性RCC患者中手术前后CTCs检测值的差值进行两独立样本t检验。p值0.05认为差异有统计学意义。 结果: 荧光定量PCR:△△t法相对定量分析ACHN和786-0其a-FRmRNA的表达量分别是正常人WBC39.77倍和23.12倍。 Western blot:GAPDH蛋白在ACHN、786-0及正常人WBC中表达相对恒定,而a-FR在人肾癌细胞株ACHN和786-0中呈高表达,在WBC几乎不表达。 肿瘤细胞掺血回收实验:基于a-FR的配体探针PCR技术能在3ml外周血中检测到5-5×104个ACHN细胞,经直线相关分析提示CTCs检测值与掺入肿瘤细胞数目呈正相关,相关系数r=0.99(p0.01)。 CTCs检测数据行ROC曲线分析,当临界值设为15.4Copies/3ml时,ROC曲线下面积最大,此时检测的敏感度和特异度分别为95.6%和98.8%。 RCC术前组外周血CTCs水平显著高于健康对照组和肾脏良性病变组(p0.01,p0.01),并且肾细胞癌CTCs水平同肿瘤的TNM分期、临床分期显著相关(p0.01)。 根治性肾切除术和保留肾单位的部分肾切除术对于T1、T2期不伴转移RCC患者术后外周血CTCs水平的影响无差异(p=0.320)。 结论: 基于a-FR的配体探针PCR能有效检测到RCC患者外周血中的CTCs,本实验方法定量检测CTCs可弥补肾癌TNM分期的不足,可能在评估RCC患者治疗效果和监测术后复发方面具有一定的价值。
[Abstract]:It is reported that the global incidence of renal cancer has risen by about 2%-4% in recent ten years. 2%. Asia, which accounts for the number of tumors in the world, is a low incidence area of renal cancer. However, in recent years, with the development of the economy, the Westernization of life style and the improvement of the diagnostic level, the rate of renal cancer incidence in Asia is obviously higher than that in Europe. According to the survey of China, the incidence of renal cancer is 1988 to 1992,1. In the 3 period of 993-19971998-2002, the incidence of kidney and other malignant tumors of the urinary system was 4.26/10 million, 5.40/10 million and 6.63/10 million, and the incidence rate was increasing year by year. The incidence of renal cancer was second in the urogenital system tumor in China.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) originates from renal tubules or collecting tubular epithelial cells in renal parenchyma. The 80%-90%. of renal cell carcinoma is highly malignant and is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although imaging techniques are developing continuously, there are still 30% renal cell carcinoma patients with metastatic lesions at the first visit. Less than 10%, so early diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma have a profound impact on patients' prognosis. Although renal cell related plasma proteins such as erythropoietin (EPO), ferritin, specific enolase, and transcription growth factor beta (TGF- beta) are used to evaluate the prognosis after radical nephrectomy, but these markers The practical significance of the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer remains to be supported by more evidence. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), first reported by Ashworth in 1869, are defined as.CTCs, a malignant tumor cell that has fallen from the original tumor site and entered the blood circulation system, and is found in the peripheral blood of many solid tumor patients and further confirmed with the tumor. The clinical stage is closely related to the prognosis. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) also recommended CTCs as a tumor marker of breast cancer in 2007. Alpha -FR is a glycoprotein anchored on the surface of the cell membrane through glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI), consisting of 257 amino acids, which are approximately 38kDa. in normal epithelial cells and are extremely limited in expression. It is overexpressed in epithelial malignant tumors; the literature reports that more than 75% of the RCC a-FR is highly expressed. There are relatively few studies on CTCs of renal cell carcinoma, mainly due to the restriction of detection methods; for example, CTCs detection methods such as common RT-PCR, CellSearch system and flow cytometry are not suitable for RCC..
Therefore, on the basis of the literature report, the expression of a-FR in two human renal cancer cell lines ACHN, 7860 was detected from the mRNA and protein levels, and the a-FR based ligand probe PCR technique was used to detect the peripheral blood CTCs in the peripheral blood of RCC patients. The clinical significance of CTCs detection in peripheral blood of RCC patients was preliminarily discussed. The detection of RCC patients was for the detection of RCC patients. Peripheral blood CTCs provides a practical technique, and there is no report on it at home and abroad.
Objective:
To explore the feasibility of quantitative detection of peripheral blood circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients by a-FR based ligand probe PCR, and to further explain the clinical significance of this method for quantitative detection of CTCs in peripheral blood of patients with RCC.
Method锛,
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