尿路感染及其治疗药物的研究进展

发布时间：2018-05-10 05:58

本文选题：尿路感染 + 尿路致病菌　；参考：《中国药房》2017年17期

【摘要】：目的:了解尿路感染的病理机制和治疗药物的研究进展,以期为其临床诊断、药物治疗和研发提供参考。方法:查阅近年来国内外相关文献,就尿路感染的类型、病理机制和治疗药物进行归纳和总结。结果与结论:尿路感染主要为尿路致病菌感染,其治疗药物的研究方向主要为以细菌附着、细菌毒素和蛋白酶、铁载体、脲酶、菌毛为靶标的疫苗或小分子药物。以细菌附着为靶标的疫苗可很好地阻断病原体与机体的相互作用,降低尿路感染的发生率;以细菌毒素和蛋白酶为靶标的疫苗的临床疗效仍有待进一步评估;以铁载体为靶标的疫苗可减缓疾病进展和减弱细菌定植;以脲酶为靶标的小分子药物具有一定疗效的同时也存在较严重的副作用;以菌毛为靶标的小分子药物通过阻断尿路感染动物模型的病原体在膀胱上的定植和侵入,能较好并快速地发挥预防和治疗尿路感染的作用。黏附素Fim H的抗体已进入了Ⅰ期临床试验阶段,但Pilicides、Mannosides和靶向于菌毛、铁载体以及其他毒力因素的疫苗等仍处于实验研究或临床前研究阶段。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the pathological mechanism of urinary tract infection and the research progress of treatment drugs in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis, drug therapy and research and development. Methods: the types, pathological mechanism and therapeutic drugs of urinary tract infection were summarized and summarized by referring to the relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years. Results & conclusion: urinary tract infection is mainly caused by urinary tract pathogenic bacteria. The research direction of treatment drugs is mainly the vaccine or small molecule drugs which target bacteria adhesion, bacterial toxin and protease, iron carrier, urease and fimbriae. The bacterial adhesion vaccine can effectively block the interaction between pathogen and body and reduce the incidence of urinary tract infection, and the clinical efficacy of the vaccine targeting bacterial toxin and protease remains to be further evaluated. The vaccine with iron carrier as the target can slow down the progress of disease and weaken bacterial colonization, and the small molecule drug with urease as the target has some curative effects and serious side effects. By blocking the colonization and invasion of pathogens in urinary tract infection animal model, the small molecular drugs targeting the fimbriae can play a better and faster role in preventing and treating urinary tract infection. The antibody against adhesin Fim H has entered the stage of phase I clinical trial, but the vaccines targeting pili, iron carriers and other virulence factors are still in the stage of experimental or preclinical study.
【作者单位】：第三军医大学第一附属医院药剂科;
【分类号】：R691.3

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