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染色体微阵列技术在胎儿常见泌尿系统结构异常中的应用

发布时间:2018-05-27 12:17

  本文选题:产前诊断 + 泌尿系统结构异常 ; 参考:《广州医科大学》2014年硕士论文


【摘要】:先天性结构发育异常在全球足月新生儿中的发生率约为3%,其中泌尿系统结构异常是先天性结构发育异常常见的类型,其在活产婴中发生率约为0.3%-0.6%。在产前诊断中,随着产前超声等影像学技术的发展,对先天性泌尿系统结构异常胎儿的临床检出率有了很大的提高。因而,胎儿泌尿系统结构异常也成为产前诊断和产前咨询中常遇到的类型,约占所有产前诊断畸形病例的30%。导致先天性泌尿系统畸形的原因具有高度异质性,并且由于传统细胞遗传学技术具有分辨率低等较大局限性,绝大部分泌尿系统畸形胎儿病例的病因仍然未知。染色体微阵列分析(chromosome microarray analysis,CMA)是近年来新兴发展起来的一种新技术,已被证明在先天性结构畸形、原发性智力低下以及生长发育迟缓等患者中是一种强有力的诊断工具。然而,在产前诊断中,应用CMA技术系统研究先天性泌尿系统畸形且染色体核型正常胎儿病例的研究未见报道。本研究旨在探讨CMA技术在产前超声提示泌尿系统结构异常、伴或不伴发肾外异常并且染色体核型正常胎儿病例中的应用价值。 一、目的 1.探讨全基因组高分辨率CMA技术在先天性泌尿系统结构异常并且染色体核型正常胎儿病例中的应用价值。 2.探讨CMA技术在单独泌尿系统结构异常胎儿病例和泌尿系统结构异常伴发肾外异常胎儿病例之间其检出率的差异性。 3.为建立先天性泌尿系统结构异常胎儿病例的产前诊断流程提供理论依据。 4.为探讨应用CMA技术在产前诊断中如何最大程度降低不明确拷贝数变异(copy number variations,CNVs)结果解释困惑的策略提供实验室支持。 二、方法 1.收集2012年3月至2013年6月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心产前诊断中心因孕期超声检查提示胎儿发生泌尿系统结构异常而接受侵入性产前诊断的45例胎儿病例样本。这些胎儿病例中,包括单独的泌尿系统结构发育异常病例20例和泌尿系统结构异常合并其他肾外异常的病例25例。全部45例胎儿病例经常规G-显带染色体核型分析均未见异常。 2.分别使用Qiagen和Puregene DNA提取试剂盒从脐血和羊水细胞中提取胎儿样本基因组DNA,使用NanoDrop分光光度计对DNA的浓度和纯度进行测量。 3.根据Affymetrix公司提供的CytoScan HD芯片(功能检测超过270万个生物学标记,包括75万个SNPs探针和195万个拷贝数探针)标准实验操作流程对样本DNA进行消化、连接、扩增、纯化、片段化、标记信号、与芯片杂交及洗涤、染色与扫描芯片操作。 4.使用相配套的CHAS软件对扫描芯片产生的.CEL文件进行数据分析。 5.根据国际在线公共数据库(收录与疾病相关的致病性CNV数据库DECIPHER,人类已知的遗传性疾病及致病基因数据库OMIM,多态性变异数据库DGV,分析CNV中基因含量及功能数据库UCSC Genome Browser和PUBMED)和本实验室的内部参考数据库(包括Affymetrix芯片平台数据库CAGdb和细胞基因组芯片国际标准联合会数据库ISCA)对CHAS软件分析产生的结果进行数据比对分析,判断CNV的性质。 6.针对临床意义不明确的CNVs(variants of unknown significant,VOUS),,进一步行父母样本检测进行综合家系分析,明确CNV的性质。 7.使用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)对致病性CNV进行验证。 三、结果 1.全部45例先天性泌尿系统结构异常的胎儿病例均成功进行了CMA检测。CMA结果发现良性CNVs的检出率为82.2%(37/45),VOUS的检出率为6.7%(3/45),致病性CNVs的检出率为11.1%(5/45)。 2.在37例良性变异CNVs胎儿样本中,有5例胎儿的CNVs是遗传自健康父母中的一方,CMA结果发现本研究中最常见且已在DGV数据库中报道的多态性CNV片段有1q31.1微缺失、10q11.21微重复、14q11.2微缺失、14q32.33微重复和16p11.2微重复,本研究首次新发现的多态性CNV片段有2q32.1微重复、10q11.22微缺失、11q14.3微重复、15q13.1微重复和16p13.11微重复。 3.CMA在8例胎儿病例中检出VOUS,进一步结合父母样本检测进行综合家系分析结果提示其中3(3/45,6.7%)例胎儿病例的CNVs非双亲来源,因而其临床意义仍然不明确,该3例VOUS分别为:2q13微重复(489kb),Xp22.33微重复(435kb)和Xq28微缺失(943kb)。 4.CMA在5例胎儿样本中检出的致病性CNVs,分别为:1q21.1微重复(318kb),7q21.11微重复(1.8Mb),12p13.33微缺失(1.95Mb),9q34.3微重复(3.35Mb)与17p13.2-13.3微缺失(5.03Mb),以及22q13.33微重复(1.2Mb)。该5例胎儿样本均来源于泌尿系统结构异常合并其他肾外异常的胎儿病例组。 四、结论 1.全基因组高分辨CMA技术在产前超声提示泌尿系统结构异常并且染色体核型正常的胎儿病例中具有重要的应用价值,该技术能够将致病性的检出率额外提高11.1%。 2.CMA技术对泌尿系统结构异常合并其他肾外异常的胎儿病例其致病性检出率高于单独泌尿系统结构异常胎儿病例(20.0%vs0%)。 3.在产前诊断中,对于常规染色体核型分析未见异常的先天性泌尿系统结构异常胎儿病例,建议进一步行全基因组高分辨CMA技术分析。 4.实验室数据分析人员和产前咨询医生之间的充分交流、结合家系综合分析以及内外部数据库之间的数据比对都能够显著降低VOUS。
[Abstract]:In prenatal diagnosis , the incidence of abnormal fetal urinary system is about 0.3 % - 0.6 % .

I . Purpose

1 . To explore the application value of full - genome high - resolution CMA technique in congenital urinary system structural abnormalities and chromosomal karyotype normal fetal cases .

2 . To explore the difference of CMA in the diagnosis of abnormal fetal and urinary system structures with abnormal urinary system structure with abnormal fetal abnormalities .

3 . To provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of the prenatal diagnosis flow of congenital urinary system structural abnormalities .

4 . To explore how to minimize the copy number variations ( CNVs ) in prenatal diagnosis using CMA technique to provide laboratory support .

II . Methodology

1 . 45 cases of fetal cases diagnosed by invasive prenatal diagnosis were collected from March 2012 to June 2013 in the prenatal diagnosis center of Guangzhou Women ' s Children ' s Medical Center . Among these fetal cases , there were 20 cases of abnormal development of urinary system and 25 cases with abnormal urinary system structure and other extrarenal abnormalities . All 45 cases of fetal abnormalities were not abnormal by conventional G - banding chromosome karyotype analysis .

2 . The fetal sample genomic DNA was extracted from cord blood and amniotic fluid cells using a kit from the DNA extraction kit and the Puregene DNA extraction kit , respectively , and the concentration and purity of the DNA were measured using the NanoDrop spectrophotometer .

3 . The sample DNA was digested , ligated , amplified , purified , fragmented , labeled , hybridized with the chip and washed , stained , and scanned by the CytoScan HD chip ( function test more than 2.7 million biological markers , including 75 million SNPs probes and 195 million copy number probes ) provided by Affyside Corporation .

4 . The CHAS software matched with each other is used for the data analysis of the . celel file generated by the scanning chip .

5 . According to the international online public database ( DECIPHER , known genetic disease and disease - causing gene database OMIM , polymorphism variation database DGV , analysis of gene content and functional database UCSC Genome Browser and PUBMED in CNV ) and internal reference database of this lab ( including the database ISCA of Affyary chip platform database ) , the results of CHAS software analysis were compared and analyzed to determine the nature of CNV .

6 . For CNVs ( variants of unknown significant , VOUS ) that were clinically relevant , further parental sample testing was conducted to analyze the comprehensive family analysis and to identify the nature of CNV .

7 . The pathogenic CNV was verified using real - time fluorescence quantitative PCR ( RT - PCR ) .

III . Results

1 . CMA test was carried out successfully in all 45 cases with abnormal structure of urinary system . CMA results showed that the detection rate of benign CNVs was 82.2 % ( 37 / 45 ) , the detection rate of VOUS was 6.7 % ( 3 / 45 ) , and the detection rate of pathogenic CNVs was 11.1 % ( 5 / 45 ) .

2 . In 37 cases of benign variant CNVs , the CNVs of 5 fetuses were inherited from healthy parents . CMA results showed that there were 1q31 . 1 microdeletions , 10q11.21 microrepeats , 14q11.2 microdeletions , 14q32.33 microrepeats , 14q11.2 microdeletions , 14q32.33 microrepeats , and 16p11.2 microrepeats in the DGV database . The first newly found polymorphic CNV fragment has 2q32.1microrepeats , 10q11.22 microdeletions , 11q14.3 microrepeats , 15q13.1 microrepeats , and 16p13.11 microrepeats .

3.CMA鍦

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