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Mirabegron治疗膀胱过度活动症的疗效与安全性:荟萃分析

发布时间:2018-05-30 13:55

  本文选题:膀胱过度活动症 + Mirabegron ; 参考:《广州医科大学》2014年硕士论文


【摘要】:前言:膀胱过度活动症(overactive bladder,OAB)是一种以尿急症状为特征的症候群,常伴有尿频和夜尿症状,可伴或不伴有急迫性尿失禁,可不同程度地影响患者生活质量。目前的主要治疗方式为行为治疗、药物治疗和手术治疗。抗胆碱能药物是治疗OAB的一线药物,但长期使用的不良反应较多,容易引发口干、便秘、消化不良、嗜睡、眩晕和视物模糊等副作用,其中口干、便秘是最常见的不良反应,缺乏疗效和不良反应是最主要的中断药物治疗的原因。选择性β3-肾上腺素能受体激动剂目前已成为一类很有应用前景的用于治疗OAB的药物,有全新的作用靶体和机制,能够作为现在OAB口服药物的选择之一。Mirabegron是第一个应用于临床实践的新型选择性β3-肾上腺受体受体激动剂。 目的:通过采用Cochrane系统评价的方法,严格按照纳入、排除标准查找文献,对纳入的文献进行质量评价,详细查阅全文后提取各指标数据,进行Meta分析,评价Mirabegron治疗OAB的疗效及安全性。 资料和方法:文献纳入标准Mirabegron治疗OAB的疗效及安全性的随机对照试验、临床对照试验、半随机对照试验、治疗期间有洗脱期的交叉实验。排除标准队列研究、观察性研究、病历对照研究、个案报道、治疗期间无洗脱期的交叉实验、文献综述、摘要、评论、手术方法类文献;疗效评价标准模糊、无法进行合并的文献。计算机检索Medline、Springer、Conchrane、EBSCO、EMBASE、Science、Elsevier、OVID、Wiley、中国生物医学文献数据库中检索(CBM),相关期刊论文(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普数据库。手工检索历年美国泌尿外科年会、欧洲泌尿外科年会、国际泌尿外科大会、中国泌尿外科年会会议论文。检索词:随机对照试验、临床对照试验、半随机对照试验、有洗脱期的交叉试验、膀胱过度活动症、β3-肾上腺素能受体激动剂、mirabegron。文献筛选和质量评价由2名泌尿外科医师根据预定的纳入及排除标准独立筛选文献,如存在分歧则通过讨论或征求第三位泌尿外科专家意见解决。入选的随机对照实验采用偏倚风险表进行文献质量评价,采用Jadad量表进行文献报告质量评价,采用Newcastle-Ottawa scale量表对入选的非随机对照实验进行文献质量评价。查阅全文提取资料:第一作者、发表时间、国别、研究类型、患者年龄和人数;干预试验方法及持续时间。疗效指标:首要考察终末指标(最终随访时受试者每24小时尿失禁和排尿次数的改善程度)、主要次级疗效终末指标(最终随访时受试者每次排尿量的改善程度、治疗4周后随访时受试者每24小时尿失禁和排尿次数的改善程度、最终随访时受试者每24小时3或4级尿急发生次数的改善程度、最终随访时受试者不发生尿失禁的比率)及额外辅助考察终末指标(患者治疗满意度问卷(TS-VAS)、患者膀胱功能感知问卷(PPBC)、膀胱过度活动症调查问卷(OAB-q))等。患者安全性指标:患者退出试验总例数、因不良事件而退出试验人数、不良事件发生数(TEAEs)(包括常见不良反应:如高血压、鼻咽炎、口干、头痛、尿路感染等)。由2名泌尿外科医师独立进行资料提取,如存在分歧则通过讨论或征求第三位泌尿外科专家意见解决。统计学方法对于二分类变量,计算相对危险度(relative risks,RR)和95%可信区间,而连续性变量,则使用均数差(mean difference,MD),使用Revman5.1统计软件进行Meta分析。 结果:初步筛选后可得相关文献75篇,经过查阅文献题目和摘要后排除63篇,余12篇查阅全文后排除9篇,最终纳入文献3篇。根据所提取的3篇文献数据,作Mirabegron50mg与安慰剂对照的meta分析,结果如下:首要考察终末指标:最终随访时受试者每24小时尿失禁的改善程度(均数差-0.38,95%可信区间(-0.57,,-0.19);P0.0001);最终随访时受试者每24小时排尿次数的改善程度(均数差-0.55,95%可信区间(-0.74,-0.35);P0.00001)。主要次级疗效终末指标:最终随访时受试者每次排尿量的改善程度(均数差11.88,95%可信区间(8.39,15.37);P0.00001);治疗4周后随访时受试者每24小时尿失禁的改善程度(均数差-0.45,95%可信区间(-0.66,-0.25);P0.0001);治疗4周后随访时受试者每24小时排尿次数的改善程度(均数差-0.39,95%可信区间(-0.57,-0.21);P0.0001),其余主要次级考察终末指标结果显示Mirabegron50mg均比安慰剂有统计学意义的改善(除外最终随访时受试者不发生尿失禁的比率这一指标,P=0.05)。Mirabegron50mg在患者生活质量指标方面比安慰剂能够明显改善OAB患者的症状困扰情况。而在安全性方面,Mirabegron50mg与安慰剂因不良事件而中断试验的人数结果相似,鼻咽炎和心率失常治疗相关不良事件的发生高于安慰剂且有统计学意义,其他诸如高血压、口干、头痛、泌尿系感染、上呼吸道感染等事件的发生与安慰剂结果相似。描述性评价显示Mirabegron25mg和100mg均比安慰剂在首要考察终末指标方面有临床意义上的疗效改善,但Mirabegron25mg对于大部分次级考察终末指标未显示出比安慰剂有统计学意义的改善,而Mirabegron100mg则对患者各项考察指标(包括生活质量)比安慰剂有明显改善,且都有较好的安全耐受性。 结论:本荟萃分析及系统评价提示Mirabegron是一类治疗OAB的有效且安全的药物,口干、便秘等副作用风险较低,为临床治疗OAB提供了一种具有良好疗效/安全耐受性平衡的口服药物治疗选择。
[Abstract]:Conclusion : Overactive bladder ( OAB ) is one of the most frequent adverse reactions in patients with OAB .

Objective : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment of OAB by using the method of systematic evaluation , strictly follow - up , exclusion of standard search literature , quality evaluation of the incorporated literatures , detailed examination of the data of each index , Meta - analysis and evaluation of the treatment OAB .

Materials and Methods : Literature was included in the randomized controlled trial , clinical control trial , semi - randomized controlled trial , and cross - trial of the washout period during the treatment of OAB . The standard cohort study , observational study , medical record control study , case report , crossover experiment without washout period , literature review , summary , comment and surgical method literature were excluded .
Chinese Journal of Urology ( CBM ) , Chinese Journal Full - Text Database ( CNKI ) , Chinese Journal of Urological Surgery , OVID , Wiley , Chinese Biomedical Literature Database ( CBM ) , Chinese Journal Full - Text Database ( CNKI ) , International Urology General Conference , Chinese Urological Association Conference Paper .
Intervention test methods and duration . Efficacy indicators : the degree of improvement in the number of urinary incontinence and urination at the end of the final follow - up ( the degree of improvement in the number of urinary incontinence and urination at the end of the final follow - up ) , the degree of improvement in the number of urinary incontinence and urination at the end of the final follow - up period , the number of patients who had withdrawn from the trial at the final follow - up , the number of adverse events ( TEAEs ) ( including common adverse reactions such as hypertension , rhinopharyngitis , dry mouth , headache , urinary tract infection , etc . ) . Data extraction was performed independently by two urologists , where differences were resolved by discussing or seeking a third urological expert opinion resolution . For categorical variables , relative risks ( RR ) and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated , while continuity variables were used for Meta - analysis using the Revman5.1 statistical software .

Results : 75 references were obtained after preliminary screening , 63 were excluded after consulting the subject and summary of literature , 9 were excluded from 12 references , and 3 were finally included . The results were as follows : the final index : the improvement of urinary incontinence every 24 hours ( mean difference - 0.38 , 95 % confidence interval ( - 0.57 , - 0.19 ) at the final follow - up .
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