电解蚀刻方法构建种植体仿生表面的生物力学研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 19:19

本文选题：骨整合 + 电解蚀刻　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：种植义齿作为现代口腔牙缺失的一种先进的修复方式，为患者提供了全新的治疗体验。但目前临床面临的主要问题之一是治疗周期长，影响了患者的生活质量。因此促进早期新骨形成，缩短患者治疗周期成为临床关注的重点。众所周知种植体的表面特性是影响种植体周围早期新骨形成的重要因素，并有研究表明微米形貌促进成骨细胞外基质的形成和矿化，增加骨在种植体表面的机械嵌入，提高力学性能。纳米形貌能模拟细胞生长环境，改变细胞行为，促进成骨细胞的粘附、增殖和分化，具有仿生学效果，有利于羟基磷灰石（HA）等矿物质的形成并引导骨矿化。然而仅有纳米结构形貌是不足以保证坚实的骨整合的，微米级形貌仍对骨整合过程非常重要。因此兼有微纳米形貌的种植体表面是目前研究的热点。本实验应用电解蚀刻方法获得具有微纳米复合结构的种植体仿生表面，并通过生物力学实验探讨这种仿生表面对早期骨形成过程的影响。方法：通过电解蚀刻法、喷砂酸蚀法和机械抛光法分别处理纯钛柱状种植体，获得电解蚀刻组（EE）、喷砂酸蚀组（SLA）和光滑机械组（M）三组种植体。然后在6只家犬的一侧股骨的内侧各制备三个种植窝，植入三组种植体，严密缝合骨膜、皮下组织和皮肤。分别于术后3周和6周处死动物。取下标本块后行X线观察，之后将标本用电子万能材料实验仪进行拔出力测试，拔出后的种植体消毒烘干后进行扫描电镜观察骨断面形貌。结果：种植体植入骨内3周时，EE组种植体的最大拔出力值（163.7±40.3N），EE组和SLA组（141.7±18.5N）种植体拔出力明显的高于M组（59.4±18.7N）种植体，具有统计学意义（P 0.05），EE组最大，但是与SLA组差别不显著。6周时EE组种植体的最大拔出力值（381.7±56.1N），与M组（209.3±38.0N）和SLA组（210.3±31.4N）种植体拔出力存在着显著的差异，，EE组明显的高于SLA组和M组，具有统计学意义（P 0.05），SLA组和M组拔出力差别无显著性。6周时各组种植体拔出力均有上升的趋势，3周三组的最大拔出力值与6周三组的最大拔出力值相比，具有显著的差异，有统计学意义(P0.05)。 3周时扫描电镜观察种植体拔出后的骨断面，可见3组种植体表面均发生骨沉积，并具有不同的形态。EE组低倍镜下种植体表面粘附有均匀致密的骨组织，高倍镜下可见骨断裂面距植体表面距离较远，未见种植体表面结构暴露。SLA组低倍镜下种植体表面有较薄的骨组织；高倍镜下可见种植体表面暴露部分多孔结构。M组低倍镜下观察大部分种植体表面暴露，表面有少量骨屑；高倍镜下可见种植体表面平行排列的沟纹。6周时3组种植体表面的粘附骨组织比3周时种植体表面的粘附骨组织厚且致密，骨钙化程度明显提高。EE组低倍镜观察表面粘附骨组织明显厚于SLA组和M组；高倍镜下见新骨骨量较3周增加。SLA组低倍镜下种植体表面粘附骨组织量增多；高倍镜下可见种植体表面多孔结构暴露明显减少。M组低倍镜下种植体表面细碎骨屑量增多；高倍镜下可见表面平行沟纹较3周时减少。结论：本实验应用电解蚀刻的方法处理种植体表面构建具有微纳米复合结构的仿生微形貌，其表面具有促进早期成骨能力，能明显加快骨整合速度，提高骨结合力，从而缩短种植周期。可为临床开展早期修复及负重提供理论基础。
[Abstract]:Objective: implant denture, as an advanced repair method for the loss of modern oral teeth, provides a new treatment experience for patients. However, one of the main problems facing the clinic is the long period of treatment, which affects the quality of life of the patients. Therefore, it is the focus of clinical attention to promote the early new bone formation and shorten the patient's treatment cycle. It is known that the surface characteristics of the implant are important factors affecting the early new bone formation around the implant, and some studies have shown that micron morphology promotes the formation and mineralization of the extracellular matrix of osteoblasts, increases the mechanical insertion of bone on the surface of the implant, and improves the mechanical properties. The nano morphology can mimic the cell growth environment, change the cell behavior and promote the formation of the cell The adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone cells have a bionic effect, which are beneficial to the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) and lead bone mineralization. However, only nanoscale morphology is not enough to guarantee solid bone integration. Micromorphology is still very important to the process of bone integration. In this experiment, the biomimetic surface of implants with micro nanocomposite structures was obtained by electrolysis etching, and the effects of the biomimetic surface on the early bone formation process were investigated by biomechanical experiments.
Methods: pure titanium columnar implants were treated by electrolysis etching, sand spray etching and mechanical polishing, and three groups of implants were obtained by electrolysis etching group (EE), sand jet etching group (SLA) and smooth mechanical group (M). Then three implant fossa were prepared on the medial side of one side femur of 6 dogs. The implant was implanted, the periosteum was sutured closely and the subcutaneous group was closely sutured. The animals were killed and the animals were killed 3 and 6 weeks after the operation. The X-ray observation was taken after the subscript block was taken. Then the specimen was pulled out by the electronic universal material experiment instrument. After the implant was removed and dried, the scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the bone section.
Results: the maximum pulling force of implants in EE group was (163.7 + 40.3N) at 3 weeks. The pulling out ability of group EE and SLA group (141.7 + 18.5N) was significantly higher than that of group M (59.4 + 18.7N) implants, with statistical significance (P 0.05) and the largest in EE group, but the maximum pulling force value of EE group implants was not significantly different from SLA group (381.7 +). 56.1N), there were significant differences between the M group (209.3 + 38.0N) and the SLA group (210.3 + 31.4N). The EE group was significantly higher than the SLA group and the M group, and had statistical significance (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the pulling out force between the SLA and M groups. The maximum pulling force value of the group on the 3 Wednesday group and the group 6 on the 6 Wednesday group had no significant difference. Compared with the maximum pull-out force, there was a significant difference (P0.05).
3 weeks after 3 weeks, scanning electron microscope observed the bone cross section after the implants were pulled out. It can be seen that the surface of the 3 groups of implants had bone deposition, and the surface of the lower magnification of the.EE group had a homogeneous and dense bone tissue. The surface of the bone fracture surface was far away from the surface of the implant, and the surface structure of the implant was not seen to expose the low magnification of the.SLA group. Under the high magnification, the surface of the implant surface is exposed to most of the implant surfaces, with a small amount of bone debris on the surface, and the surface of the 3 groups of implant surfaces in the 3 groups of implant surfaces can be planted on the surface of the implant surface at the time of 3 weeks. The adherent bone tissue was thick and dense, and the degree of bone calcification increased obviously in the.EE group. The surface adherent bone tissue was thicker than that of the SLA group and the M group, and the bone mass on the surface of the low magnification implant was increased in the.SLA group under the high magnification of the bone mass compared with the 3 weeks, and the porous structure exposed to the implant surface obviously reduced.M under the high magnification. There was an increase in the amount of fine bone fragments on the surface of the implant under low magnification. The surface parallel grooves decreased at higher magnification than at 3 weeks.
Conclusion: the method of electrolytic etching is used to deal with the biomimetic micromorphology with micro nanocomposite structure on the surface of the implant. The surface has the ability to promote early osteogenesis. It can speed up the speed of bone integration, improve the bone resultant force and shorten the planting cycle, which can provide a theoretical basis for early repair and weight bearing in clinical practice.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R783.1

【共引文献】