探究吉林省乳腺癌危险因素及认知度

发布时间：2018-03-12 06:47

本文选题：乳腺癌　切入点：女性　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究背景:乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,每年新发确诊的癌症中超过1/10是乳腺癌,仅次于肺癌,是世界范围内第5大癌症死因,对女性的生命健康产生严重的威胁。近年来,我国乳腺癌的发病率及病死率逐年增加,并呈现年轻化。通过了解乳腺癌发病的危险因素,可开展疾病的三级预防,是疾病防治的关键步骤。通过探究分析与乳腺癌相关的各种因素,寻找乳腺癌发病的危险因素,可有效建立乳腺癌风险评估模型,筛选乳腺癌的高危人群,可有效及早地实施干预防治措施,控制乳腺癌的流行趋势,降低乳腺癌患病率,减轻经济负担。目前国内外学者对乳腺癌危险因素进行大量研究,但是关于乳腺癌的病因尚未明确。国外已经建立多个乳腺癌的危险度评估模型:Clause模型、Cuzick-Tyrer模型、Gail模型及BRCAPRO模型。因为乳腺癌的危险因素与种族、地域等其他因素有关,所以这些模型并不是完全适用于我国情况。在欧美等国家中,由于评估模型筛选乳腺癌高危人群工作的开展,乳腺癌的发病率及病死率明显下降。因此,在我国探究乳腺癌危险因素,建立有效的乳腺癌评估工具筛选高危人群,制定有效的防治措施是十分必要的。目的:1、本研究通过探究吉林省地区乳腺癌发病相关因素,并分析因素之间的相互关系,为建立乳腺癌发病危险评估模型提供线索和理论基础。为探究乳腺癌的病因及制定有效的筛查措施提供科学依据,达到改善女性健康,有效地防治乳腺癌及控制乳腺癌流行趋势的目的。2、探究吉林省地区女性乳腺癌相关知识认知度及影响因素,提高女性对乳腺癌的重视程度,进而提高乳腺癌的早期发现率。资料与方法:收集2015年6月-2017年1月就诊于吉林大学中日联谊医院乳腺外科门诊的患者540例,其中乳腺癌患276例,非乳腺癌患者264例。调查由经统一培训的研究生采用问卷方式对调查对象一对一进行。调查内容主要包括一般情况、月经及生育史、家族史、生活饮食习惯、社会心理因素、乳腺癌患者病史情况及乳腺癌认知情况等。利用SPSS23.0版统计软件进行数据分析,比较各因素在实验组和对照组的差异比较,p0.05有统计学意义,筛选乳腺癌主要危险因素及乳腺癌相关知识认知的影响因素。结果:本次研究主要探究年龄、居住地等一般情况、月经及生育史、家族史、生活习惯及精神心理因素等方面与乳腺癌的发生发展的关系。通过单因素分析,筛选出对乳腺癌影响较大的危险因素主要有文化程度(P=0.034)、婚姻状况(P=0.006)、初潮年龄(P=0.03)、吸烟史(P=0.042)、三代亲属中患乳腺癌患者(P=0.0046)、家族恶性肿瘤病史(P=0.004)、负性生活事件(P=0.0036)、性格内向(P=0.004)是吉林省地区女性乳腺癌主要的危险因素。在对乳腺癌相关知识的认知度研究分析发现吉林省地区妇女对乳腺癌的认知不足,对于乳腺癌的早期预测方式、危险因素、临床表现、诊断方法及治疗方法认识不够全面。根据乳腺癌相关知识认知影响因素分析,发现年龄(P=0.001)、文化程度(P=0.000)及肿瘤家族史(P=0.005)等因素有统计学意义。结论:本次研究表明在吉林省地区女性乳腺癌发病的危险因素可能与生活习惯改变、精神心理因素以及家族遗传有关。其次吉林省女性对乳腺癌相关知识的认知度不足。因此,乳腺癌防治工作的重点是应该开展针对生活习惯等相关危险因素的健康教育和推广,并且加大开展对年龄偏大、文化程度不高的女性的健康教育及改善乳腺癌人群筛查策略,达到控制乳腺癌流行趋势,降低疾病负担的目的。
[Abstract]:Background: breast cancer is the most common malignant tumors in women, the annual newly diagnosed cancer in breast cancer is more than 1/10, after lung cancer, is the fifth of the world's leading cause of cancer death, a serious threat to women's health. In recent years, the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in China increased year by year and younger. By understanding the risk factors of breast cancer in China, the three grade prevention can carry diseases, is a key step in disease prevention and treatment. Through analyzing various factors associated with breast cancer, to find out the risk factors of breast cancer in China, can effectively establish a breast cancer risk assessment model, screening of high-risk population of breast cancer. Early intervention can be effective prevention and control measures, control trend of breast cancer, reduce the risk of breast cancer, reduce the economic burden. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a large number of studies on the risk factors of breast cancer, but In the etiology of breast cancer is not clear. The risk assessment model established abroad multiple breast cancer: Clause model, Cuzick-Tyrer model, Gail model and BRCAPRO model. Because of the risk factors for breast cancer and related to other factors such as race, region, so the model is not applicable in China. In Europe and other countries in the evaluation model, the screening of high-risk population of breast cancer work, the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer decreased significantly. Therefore, in our country to explore the risk factors of breast cancer, breast cancer and establish effective evaluation tool for the screening of high-risk population, it is necessary to establish an effective prevention and control measures. Objective: This study through 1. To explore the related factors of breast cancer incidence area of Jilin Province, and analyze the relationship between the factors, in order to establish the risk of breast cancer to provide clues and theoretical basis for the research of evaluation model of breast cancer. The etiology and provide scientific basis for screening effective measures, to improve women's health, effective prevention and control of breast cancer breast cancer trends to.2, to explore the factors of female breast cancer awareness in Jilin province related knowledge and influence, improve the importance of women's breast cancer, and to improve the early detection rate of breast cancer. Methods: from June 2015 January -2017 year in the outpatient department of breast surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University in 540 patients, including 276 cases of breast cancer patients, 264 patients with non breast cancer research. The trained survey questionnaire to survey one. The investigation included general situation, family the history of menstrual and reproductive history, eating habits, life, social and psychological factors in patients with a history of breast cancer, and breast cancer awareness. The use of SPSS23.0 statistical software version number According to the analysis, comparison of various factors in the differences between the experimental group and the control group, there was statistical significance in P0.05, the main factors affecting the selection of risk factors of breast cancer and breast cancer related knowledge. Results: This study is mainly to explore the age, residence and other general situation, menstruation and birth history, family history, life habits and psychological factors such as the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The relationship between the single factor analysis, identified factors greater impact on breast cancer are the main cultural level (P=0.034), marital status (P=0.006), the age of menarche (P= 0.03), smoking history (P=0.042), breast cancer patients (three generations of relatives P=0.0046), family history of malignant tumor (P=0.004), negative life events (P=0.0036), introversion (P=0.004) are the main risk factors of female breast cancer in Jilin province. In the study on the awareness of knowledge related to breast cancer analysis found in Jilin Lack of province women for breast cancer awareness, clinical manifestations for early breast cancer prediction, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment methods of lack of comprehensive understanding. According to the analysis of cognitive factors related to breast cancer knowledge, age, culture degree (P=0.001) (P=0.000) and family history of cancer (P=0.005) was statistically significant other factors. Conclusion: This study shows that the change in the risk factors of female breast cancer incidence area of Jilin province and the living habits, psychological factors and family. Secondly, Jilin province women related knowledge about breast cancer awareness. Therefore, prevention and treatment of breast cancer is the focus of the work of health education and promotion should be carried out according to the lifestyle related risk factors, and to carry out large increase of age, health education and improve breast cancer screening strategies for less educated women, up to To control the trend of breast cancer epidemic and to reduce the burden of the disease.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R737.9

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