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SAHA增敏顺铂对骨肉瘤细胞的增殖抑制及其作用机制研究

发布时间:2018-03-15 17:54

  本文选题:骨肉瘤 切入点:乙酰化 出处:《浙江大学》2015年博士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:骨肉瘤是最常见的原发恶性骨肿瘤,尤以15-19岁的青少年多见,其发病率为4/百万,且男性患病率约为女性的1.4倍。目前临床治疗骨肉瘤除手术切除外,化疗仍以阿霉素(ADM)、顺铂(CDDP)、甲氨蝶呤(MTX)为主,随着新辅助化疗的发展,患者5年生存率已上升到65-75%。尽管如此,对于治疗骨肉瘤新药的研发却少之又少,而且,对于肺转移和复发的患者,其预后更差,至今尚无有效可行的方案。因此,研发高效低毒的新型抗骨肉瘤药物或化疗增敏药物,可作为目前骨肉瘤治疗中的一大方向。 伏立诺他(辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸,SAHA)是第一个于2006年经美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)批准用于临床治疗皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤(CTCL)的组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(HDACi)类药物,它可通过诱导细胞分化、阻断细胞周期、诱导细胞调控而发挥作用。 顺铂(cisplatin, CDDP),是一种细胞周期非特异性药物,其可通过抑制肿瘤细胞的DNA复制,损伤肿瘤细胞膜的结构,而发挥着较强的抗癌作用并被广泛应用于临床,同时它也是治疗骨肉瘤的一线化疗药物。 鉴于新药研发的困难和应用增敏药物的启示,以及两类药物的作用原理,我们设计了联合用药的相关课题,本课题将通过以下三部分来探讨:SAHA与CDDP联合作用后对骨肉瘤细胞的增殖抑制情况;体内抑瘤效果;以及二者作用的可能分子机制。这对进一步揭示骨肉瘤的发病机制具有重要意义,并为骨肉瘤患者的临床治疗带来新的思路。 本实验研究主要分:一、通过实验得出不同细胞株对SAHA与CDDP作用后在有效联合指数(CI)下的作用浓度,在此浓度前提下观察药物联合对细胞的增殖抑制、周期阻滞以及凋亡与自噬;二、在第一部分的基础上,我们建立了骨肉瘤的异位移植动物模型,并将SAHA与CDDP联合应用于裸鼠,观察对骨肉瘤的抑瘤效果;三、着重探讨二者联合作用后可能的分子机制。本论文的研究结果表明:SAHA显著增加了CDDP对骨肉瘤细胞抑制的敏感性,因此,在减少CDDP应用剂量的同时,也降低了其毒副作用。 第一部分SAHA联合CDDP对骨肉瘤细胞增殖抑制的研究 目的: 观察二者联合后对骨肉瘤细胞的增殖抑制以及细胞周期变化,凋亡与自噬。 方法: 通过细胞增殖抑制试验(MTS)来观察对骨肉瘤细胞(HOS和U20S)的增殖抑制效果;通过流式细胞仪(FCM)来分析细胞周期阻滞与凋亡的变化,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)来观察细胞自噬的情况。 结果: SAHA联合CDDP后可显著抑制HOS与U20S细胞的增殖,联合组与对照组相比有显著性差异(P0.05),而对正常的人成骨细胞(hFOB)抑制作用较弱;同时引起细胞S期阻滞,细胞凋亡比例明显增加;诱导了自噬小体的形成。 结论: SAHA增敏了CDDP对骨肉瘤细胞株HOS与U20S的增殖抑制作用,但对hFOB细胞抑制较弱;诱导了自噬的发生。 第二部分SAHA联合CDDP对荷瘤裸鼠的体内抑瘤效果研究 目的: 观察SAHA联合CDDP对异位骨肉瘤裸鼠模型的抑瘤效果 方法: 首先应用HOS细胞株建立骨肉瘤的裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,并将动物分为四组:对照组、SAHA组、CDDP组和SAHA+CDDP联合治疗组,后经腹腔注射给药,观察裸鼠体重和肿瘤体积变化。 结果: SAHA+CDDP联合组显著抑制了肿瘤的生长,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而体重在CDDP单药组和联合组均出现了先降低后逐渐回升的变化趋势。 结论: 在裸鼠体内同时应用SAHA与CDDP,可显著抑制肿瘤生长。 第三部分SAHA联合CDDP抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖的分子机制研究 目的: 探讨SAHA联合CDDP作用于骨肉瘤细胞引起凋亡与自噬相关信号通路的变化 方法: 应用FCM检测活性氧(ROS)的变化,real-time PCR检测相关周期基因的变化,Western Blot检测凋亡(Caspases)信号通路、内质网应激(ER stress)信号通路以及自噬相关蛋白的变化。 结果: 应用抗氧化剂(NAC)后,可部分抵抗二者联合对骨肉瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用;SAHA联合CDDP引起了周期相关基因CyclinA2、CyclinE、CDK2、p21的变化,使得p21和CDK2表达增加,CyclinA2和CyclinE表达减少。Western Blot结果示:Caspases家族蛋白表达增加;ER stress相关蛋白PERK与eIF2α变化不明显;自噬蛋白LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ的比例增加而且加入自噬抑制剂3-MA和CQ后,凋亡蛋白表达增加。 结论: 在引起骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的过程中ROS参与其中,以经典的Caspase凋亡信号通路为主;二者联合后促进了自噬的形成;同时,对ER stress的影响甚微;根据凋亡与自噬蛋白的表达变化关系:抑制自噬而增加凋亡,说明:自噬在其中扮演了部分保护的角色。
[Abstract]:Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumors, especially in the 15-19 year old adolescents, the incidence rate was 4 per million, and the male prevalence rate is about 1.4 times higher than women. The clinical treatment of osteosarcoma besides surgical resection, chemotherapy with adriamycin (ADM), cisplatin (CDDP), a methotrexate (MTX), with the development of neo adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with 5 year survival rate has risen to 65-75%. though, for the development of new drugs in the treatment of osteosarcoma is rare, and for lung metastasis and recurrence of the patients, the prognosis is worse, there is no effective and feasible scheme. Therefore, drug sensitivity by new anti osteosarcoma drug development with high efficiency and low toxicity or chemotherapy can be used as a major direction in osteosarcoma treatment at present.
Vorinostat (Xin two anilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) is the first in 2006 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Food and Drug Administration, FDA) approved for clinical treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) drugs, it can induction of cell differentiation, blocking cell cycle, inducing cell regulation and play a role.
Cisplatin (cisplatin, CDDP), is a cell cycle non-specific drugs, which can inhibit tumor cell DNA replication, damage the membrane of tumor cells, and play a strong anti-cancer effects and has been widely applied in clinical, first-line chemotherapy at the same time it is also the treatment of osteosarcoma.
In view of the difficulties and application of new drug R & D sensitizing drugs and two kinds of enlightenment, drug action principle, we design issues related to the combination of the task through the following three parts: To explore the inhibition of osteosarcoma cell proliferation combined effect of SAHA and CDDP; anti-tumor effect; and the two. The possible molecular mechanism. It has an important significance to further reveal the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma, and bring new ideas for the clinical treatment of patients with osteosarcoma.
This study includes: first, through the experiment of different cell lines of SAHA and CDDP after combination index (CI) in the effective concentration, combination of inhibition at this concentration under the premise of the effect of drugs on cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and autophagy; two, based on the first part, we establish the ectopic transplantation animal model of osteosarcoma, and SAHA combined with CDDP in nude mice, observe the inhibitory effect of osteosarcoma; three, focuses on the molecular mechanism of joint action of the two post. The research results show that SAHA significantly increased the sensitivity of CDDP in inhibiting osteosarcoma cells therefore reduction in the CDDP dose at the same time, but also to reduce its toxicity.
Study on the inhibition of osteosarcoma cell proliferation by SAHA combined with CDDP in the first part
Objective:
The inhibition of proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, cell cycle changes, apoptosis and autophagy were observed after the combination of the two groups.
Method锛,

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