人源肿瘤异种移植模型在精准肿瘤医学中的研究进展

发布时间：2018-03-16 15:09

本文选题：人源性肿瘤异种移植　切入点：PDX模型　出处：《中国比较医学杂志》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：癌症是由于物理、化学、病毒等致癌因子导致的原癌基因和抑癌基因突变从而引发的一系列异质性疾病的统称。尽管近年来高通量测序技术与靶向治疗取得了突破性的进展,但是临床转化研究的高失败率使得抗肿瘤药物的创新发展十分有限。人源肿瘤异种移植模型(patient-derived xenograft model,PDX模型)是指直接将病人的新鲜肿瘤组织移植到免疫缺陷小鼠上,依靠小鼠提供的环境生长的一种异种移植模型。这种模型保留了原代肿瘤的基质异质性、组织学特性、分子多样性以及微环境,为临床前药效的个性化筛选评估以及生物标志物的鉴定提供了有效的研发资源。PDX模型结合临床数据,基因组图谱以及药效数据可以增加药物特异性,应用于肿瘤患者个体化治疗,提高临床治疗成功率。本文就PDX模型研究进展进行综述,包括其在肿瘤新疗法中的应用、挑战性与局限性、以及在精准肿瘤医学中的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Cancer is a series of heterogeneous diseases caused by mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes caused by physical, chemical, viral and other carcinogenic factors. However, the high failure rate of clinical transformation studies makes the development of antitumor drugs very limited. The human xenotransplantation model named patient-derived xenograft model (PDX model) refers to the direct transplantation of patients' fresh tumor tissue into immunodeficient mice. A xenotransplantation model that depends on the environment provided by mice. This model preserves the matrix heterogeneity, histological properties, molecular diversity and microenvironment of primary tumors. It provides an effective research and development resource. PDX model combined with clinical data, genome map and pharmacodynamics data can increase drug specificity for individualized screening evaluation of preclinical efficacy and identification of biomarkers. In this paper, the research progress of PDX model is reviewed, including its application, challenge and limitation in new cancer therapy, and the prospect of application in accurate tumor medicine.
【作者单位】：北京协和医学院比较医学中心中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所;
【基金】：北京市优秀人才培养资助项目(2015000020124G073)
【分类号】：R73-35

【相似文献】