金纳米棒的表面电荷改性及碳酸钙包裹的金纳米棒在抗肿瘤应用上的探究

发布时间：2018-06-17 11:12

本文选题：金纳米棒 + 碳酸钙　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：恶性肿瘤给人类的健康带来了极大的威胁。近些年来全球因癌症死亡的人数在不断攀升。人类也从未在抗击肿瘤的道路上有所停歇。目前,临床上以手术切除,化学药物疗法,放射疗法为主。手术切除对早期治疗肿瘤效果较好,但术后并发症的比例仍然很高。化学疗法和放射疗法都会对患者的身心带来极大的负担。因此,高效低毒稳定的抗肿瘤方法是人们所迫切期待的。光热疗法和超声疗法作为近年来新兴的抗癌疗法,在能够对肿瘤组织起到杀伤的同时,创伤面小,副作用低,是目前人们所研究的主要方向。众所周知,金纳米棒(AuNRs)作为一种金属纳米材料在传感器,光学元件以及生物医疗等领域有着广泛的应用。金纳米棒生物相容性好,自身毒性低,有着十分稳定的物理,化学性质。更为重要的是,金纳米棒有着极高的光热转换效率和独特的光吸收特性,可以应用于光热治疗和光声成像。碳酸钙作为一种常见的补钙剂,是钙片的主要成分之一。纳米级的碳酸钙会在微酸性下产生二氧化碳气泡,结合超声波的空化作用便会转变成为对抗肿瘤的“纳米炸弹”。目前人们已经在这两个治疗领域获得可喜的进展,但仍然有很多问题需要解决。因此,我们设计了一种碳酸钙包裹的金纳米棒,充分利用金纳米棒的光热性能和光声信号变化,依靠超声波的空化作用辅助进行抗肿瘤治疗。本文结合实际情况,以金纳米棒为载体,通过修饰聚乙烯亚胺和聚乙二醇来代替金纳米棒表面的表面活性剂,依靠静电吸附形成碳酸钙外壳,形成一个具有光热治疗,超声治疗,光声定位的多功能联合诊疗体系。通过透射电镜、电位粒径分析、紫外吸收光谱、电感耦合等离子体光谱等检测方法对材料进行理化性能表征。通过细胞毒性实验、体内体外光热实验,超声实验以及光声成像等方式,对材料在细胞水平的抗肿瘤效果进行探究。结果表明,该体系有着较好的光热治疗效果和联合治疗效果,同时还能够实现肿瘤的光声定位。希望能够通过本论文的研究,为光热治疗,超声治疗的研究应用提供一些参考,为抗肿瘤事业的发展献出绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:Malignant tumors pose a great threat to human health. The number of deaths from cancer around the world has been rising in recent years. Humans have never stopped on the road to fighting cancer. At present, surgical resection, chemotherapeutic therapy and radiotherapy are the main clinical manifestations. Surgical resection is effective for early treatment of tumor, but the rate of postoperative complications is still high. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy can impose a great burden on the patient's body and mind. Therefore, high-efficiency and low-toxicity and stable anti-tumor methods are urgently expected. Photothermal therapy and ultrasonic therapy are emerging anticancer therapies in recent years, which can kill tumor tissues with small trauma and low side effects. As a kind of metal nanomaterials, gold nanorods (AuNRs) have been widely used in sensors, optical components and biomedical applications. Gold nanorods have good biocompatibility and low toxicity, and have very stable physical and chemical properties. More importantly, gold nanorods have high photothermal conversion efficiency and unique optical absorption characteristics, which can be used in photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging. Calcium carbonate, as a common calcium supplement, is one of the main components of calcium tablets. Nanocrystalline calcium carbonate produces carbon dioxide bubbles at slightly acidic levels, and combined with ultrasonic cavitation, it turns into a "nano bomb" against tumors. Gratifying progress has been made in these two areas of treatment, but there are still many problems to be solved. Therefore, we have designed a kind of gold nanorods coated with calcium carbonate, which make full use of the photothermal properties of gold nanorods and the changes of photoacoustic signals, and rely on the cavitation of ultrasonic wave to assist in anti-tumor therapy. In this paper, the gold nanorods are used as carriers to replace the surface surfactants of gold nanorods by modifying polyethyleneimide and polyethylene glycol, and a calcium carbonate shell is formed by electrostatic adsorption, which has photothermal treatment. Ultrasonic therapy, photoacoustic localization of multifunctional combined diagnosis and treatment system. The physical and chemical properties of the materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, potential particle size analysis, UV absorption spectrum and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. By means of cytotoxicity experiment, photothermal experiment in vivo and in vitro, ultrasound experiment and photoacoustic imaging, the anti-tumor effect of the material at the cell level was investigated. The results show that the system has better photothermal and combined therapeutic effects, and can also achieve photoacoustic localization of tumors. It is hoped that this paper can provide some references for the research and application of photothermal therapy and ultrasound therapy, and contribute a little contribution to the development of anti-tumor cause.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R73-36;O614.123;TB383.1

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