齐齐哈尔市403例消化系统肿瘤患者患病现状分析

发布时间：2018-12-17 10:50

【摘要】：目的:本研究通过对消化系统肿瘤患者进行现场问卷调查,旨在探索齐齐哈尔市消化系统肿瘤的患病现状,在此基础上探讨不同消化系统肿瘤的相关发病因素。方法:收集2014年11月~2015年5月就诊于齐齐哈尔市3所三级甲等医院的消化系统肿瘤患者403例,详细调查患者的一般情况、生活方式、饮食习惯、临床症状及患病史等资料。应用描述性统计学方法对患者的患病状况进行分析。结果:本研究共完成有效问卷403例,消化系统肿瘤排名顺位依次为肝癌(25.1%)、直肠癌(20.6%)、胃癌(17.5%)、结肠癌(16.4%)、胰腺癌(8.2%)、食管癌(7.7%)、其他(4.5%);50岁~年龄组(34.5%)和60岁~年龄组(34.2%)患病人数相对集中,40岁年龄组(1.7%)所占比例明显低于其他年龄段;男性患病人数为271人,占67.2%,女性患病人数为132人,占32.8%,男女比例约为2:1;职业分布调查发现,工人(56.3%)所占比例最高,农民(0.5%)最低;文化程度分布中,初中(48.4%)所占比例最高;生活方式调查结果表明,吸烟者所占比例为42.3%,被动吸烟者所占比例为41.9%,饮白酒与啤酒者所占比例约为40%;不良饮食习惯主要包括经常吃腌制(43.6%)、油炸(19.1%)和烧烤食品(20.1%)、不规律进食早餐(15.4%)、吃饭速度较快(11.4%)等。排便次数减少(94.3%)是消化系统肿瘤患者常见的临床症状,此外,亦有不少患者表现出腹部疼痛(63.2%)、上腹部疼痛(61.8%)、反酸(59.8%)、便秘(54.6%)等症状;患病史中,所占比例较高的有便秘(38.5%)、痔疮(33.0%)、急慢性胃炎(32.0%)、乙肝或丙肝(24.1%)、肝硬化(22.4%)。结论:1.齐齐哈尔市消化系统肿瘤排名顺位依次为肝癌、直肠癌、胃癌、结肠癌、胰腺癌、食管癌、其他。2.消化系统肿瘤发病年龄主要集中在50岁~和60岁~年龄组;男性患者多于女性患者,比例约为2:1。职业分布以工人所占比例最高,农民最低;文化程度分布以初中、高中或中专为主。3.消化系统肿瘤患者常见的不良生活方式有吸烟、被动吸烟、饮酒(白酒和啤酒)等;经常吃腌制、油炸和烧烤食品、不规律吃早餐、吃饭速度过快等是消化系统肿瘤患者常见的不良饮食方式。4.排便次数减少、腹部疼痛、上腹部疼痛、反酸、便秘等临床症状在消化系统肿瘤患者中较为常见。5.消化系统肿瘤患者常见的其它疾病有便秘、痔疮、急慢性胃炎、乙肝或丙肝、肝硬化等。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the prevalence of digestive system tumors in Qiqihar City by questionnaire survey, and to explore the related factors of different digestive system tumors. Methods: 403 patients with digestive system tumor were collected from November 2014 to May 2015 in 3 Grade 3A hospitals in Qiqihar. The data of general condition, lifestyle, diet habits, clinical symptoms and history of disease were investigated in detail. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the prevalence of the disease. Results: a total of 403 effective questionnaires were completed in this study. The order of digestive system tumors was liver cancer (25.1%), rectal cancer (20.6%), gastric cancer (17.5%), colon cancer (16.4%), pancreatic cancer (8.2%). Esophageal carcinoma (7.7%), others (4.5%); The number of patients in 50 ~ age group (34.5%) and 60 ~ age group (34.2%) was relatively concentrated, and the proportion of 40 years old group (1.7%) was significantly lower than that of other age groups. There were 271 males (67.2%) and 132 females (32.8%). The proportion of male to female was about 2: 1.The survey of occupational distribution showed that the proportion of workers (56.3%) was the highest, and that of peasants (0.5%) was the lowest. In the distribution of educational level, the proportion of junior middle school (48.4%) was the highest; The results of life style survey showed that the proportion of smokers was 42.3, the proportion of passive smokers was 41.9 and the proportion of liquor and beer drinkers was about 40. The main bad eating habits included regular pickling (43.6%), fried (19.1%) and barbecue food (20.1%), irregular eating breakfast (15.4%), fast eating speed (11.4%) and so on. The decrease of defecation frequency (94.3%) was a common clinical symptom in patients with digestive system tumor. In addition, many patients showed abdominal pain (63.2%), epigastric pain (61.8%), acid regurgitation (59.8%). Constipation (54.6%); Constipation (38.5%), hemorrhoids (33.0%), acute and chronic gastritis (32.0%), hepatitis B or C (24.1%), cirrhosis (22.4%) were the most common diseases. Conclusion: 1. Qiqihar's digestive system tumors ranked in the order of liver cancer, rectal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and other. 2. 2. The incidence age of digestive system tumor was mainly in the age group of 50 ~ 60 years old, and the proportion of male patients was more than that of female patients, the proportion was about 2: 1. Occupation distribution in the proportion of workers is the highest, farmers are the lowest, and the education level is mainly in junior high school, high school or technical secondary school. 3. 3. The common unhealthy lifestyle of patients with digestive system tumor is smoking, passive smoking, drinking (liquor and beer) and so on. Often eat pickle, fried and barbecue food, irregular breakfast, eating too fast are common digestive system cancer patients poor diet. 4. Decreased defecation, abdominal pain, epigastric pain, acid regurgitation, constipation and other clinical symptoms are more common in patients with digestive system tumors. Other common diseases in patients with digestive system tumors include constipation, hemorrhoids, acute and chronic gastritis, hepatitis B or C, cirrhosis, etc.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R735

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