《智慧之源》蒙医名词术语研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 18:41

本文选题：智慧之源·医方明部 + 蒙医学　；参考：《中央民族大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：研究目的蒙古族是一个有着灿烂文化、悠久历史的民族。由于地域辽阔,蒙古族同胞有着各自的方言及文字。历史上蒙古族共用过近十种文字,其中以回鹘蒙古文、托忒蒙古文、现代蒙古文、斯拉夫蒙古文和阿里咖喱文字的使用最为广泛。《智慧之源》是1742年以回鹘蒙古文印刻的作品,是一部为了统一包括蒙医学在内的各学科名词术语而著的综合性辞典。《智慧之源》将各种方言记载的蒙医理论及病症的名词术语进行了统一规范化,是蒙医药史上首部名词术语规范标准,为后人更好的学习、应用、继承和发展蒙医学做出了卓越的贡献。近年来,随着国家对民族医药政策的扶持与民族文化的发展,蒙医药理论文献的搜集整理、蒙医传统医疗技法的规范化系统研究及广泛应用、蒙药资源的保护、基础研究及临床应用均得到较大程度的发展,汉语出版的蒙医药相关文献和著作与日俱增,然而由于缺乏名词术语的统一标准,蒙医药的专业术语翻译多为不规范、不标准的,甚至出现随意翻译的现象,亟需一个蒙汉翻译对照的统一标准；并且,蒙医药学经历一千多年的历史演变,其自身的理论体系不断发展完善、很多药物的使用方法及适用范围也有了不同程度的发展变化,与此同时各种名词术语的内涵也在发生变化。《智慧之源》作为涉猎多学科名词术语规范标准的综合性词典,其中很多学科都有相对成熟和完善的研究体系,而医药学科领域却鲜少有人研究。本文将以《智慧之源·医方明部》为蓝本,对其中部分名词术语的概念、内涵进行探索研究,并甄订其最佳的汉语翻译标准,以期对蒙医药学的研究发展及临床应用起到指导性作用。研究方法本文主要运用文献检索法和比较研究法,查阅古今文献中相关名词术语的释义,将其中的异同和翻译中存在的不准确、不规范等问题加以总结,进行探索研究以校订最佳的汉语翻译标准。本文最大的特点是首次采用古印度阿育吠陀医学文献《医经八支》的18世纪木刻蒙文版和如今的汉文翻译版为参照,与现代蒙医药理论的释义对比,校订谬误。主要内容1考订每个名词术语的内涵本文对《智慧之源·医方明部》蒙医基础理论、赫依病、宝如病、痼疾、痼疾、脏腑病等部分的135个名词术语追根溯源、校订内涵,以便蒙医学能够更好地为人类健康事业服务。2标注国际音标本文对每个名词术语均进行了国际音标的标注,便于各个民族的研究人员参考。3制定汉语翻译最佳版本本文搜集以往的翻译版本,结合每个词条的内涵,尽量进行意译；对以往翻译认同的维持原翻译词；有多个释义的可从字面意思、疾病症状表述等方面入手,选择最为贴切的一个；如有音译词,将其翻译成汉语；若没有十分理想的释义则重新翻译,做出新词标准。翻译时要服从全国科学技术名词审定委员会制订的科学技术名词审定的原则及方法,结合国家对语言、文字的有关规定,使用规范字,贯彻单义性的原则；遵从科学性、系统性、简明性、国际性和约定俗成的原则；坚持协调一致的原则,尽量少收入其他学科渗入、借用、音译的名词术语,预期形成本学科概念体系的部分专有名词术语的汉语翻译版。结论1本文重新考订了《智慧之源·医方明部》中135个蒙医学名词术语的科学内涵释义。参考古印度阿育吠陀三大经典著作《妙闻集》《阁罗迦集》《八支心髓集》和相关蒙医名词术语注释文献,对《智慧之源·医方明部》医学名词术语的内涵进行一一考订,校订谬误、曲解。2本文整理规范了《智慧之源·医方明部》中135个蒙医学名词术的语汉语翻译,并在汉语名词术语后标注国际音标,以便各个民族医药学者参考。本文通过对《智慧之源·医方明部》中部分名词术语的概念、内涵进行探索研究考订,并甄订其最佳的汉语翻译规范,为各民族医药研究学者提供一份参考,以期对蒙医药学的研究发展及临床应用起到指导性作用。
[Abstract]:The Mongolian nationality is a nation with a splendid culture and a long history. Because of the vast territory, the Mongolian compatriots have their own dialects and characters. In history, the Mongolian people have shared nearly ten languages, including the Uighur Mongolian, the Mongol, the modern Mongolian, the slvmont and the Ali curry. The source of wisdom is an integrated dictionary engraved in the Uighur Mongolian in 1742. It is a comprehensive dictionary to unify the terminology of various disciplines, including Mongolian medicine. The source of wisdom has unified and normalized the Mongolian medicine theory and the terminology of the disease. It is the first standard standard of the Mongolian medicine history. In recent years, with the support of national medical policy and the development of national culture, the collection and collation of the literature of Mongolian medicine theory, the standardized systematic research and extensive application of Mongolian traditional medical techniques, the protection of Mongolian medicine resources, basic research and clinical practice. The application of Chinese medicine has been greatly developed. The literature and works related to Mongolian Medicine published in Chinese are increasing. However, due to the lack of unified standard of nouns, the translation of professional terms in Mongolian medicine is mostly unstandard, unstandard and even random translation. After more than one thousand years of historical evolution, its own theoretical system has been developed and perfected, and the use of many drugs and its scope of application have also changed in varying degrees. At the same time, the connotation of various terminology is also changing. In many subjects, there are relatively mature and perfect research systems, but few studies have been made in the field of medicine. This article will explore the concept and connotation of some of the terminology, and select the best standard of Chinese translation, with a view to the development and clinical study of Mongolian medicine pharmacy. The application plays a guiding role. In this paper, the method of literature retrieval and comparative study is used to refer to the definition of relevant nouns in ancient and modern literature, to sum up the similarities and differences and inaccuracies and nonstandard problems in the translation, and to explore the best standard of Chinese translation. It is the first use of the ancient India Ayurvedic medical literature < eight branches of medical classics > the eighteenth Century woodcut Mongolian version and the present Chinese translation version as reference, compared with the interpretation of modern Mongolian medicine theory and revising the fallacy. 1 the main contents of this article are to examine the connotation of each noun term in this article, the basic theory of "the source of wisdom", the basic theory of the Mongolian medicine, the Hoi's disease, and the treasure's disease. 135 nouns, such as chronic disease, chronic disease, and viscera disease, are traced to the root of the 135 terms, so that Mongolian medicine can better serve the cause of human health to label the international phonetic alphabet for the cause of human health. This paper makes an international phonetic notation for every noun term, and facilitates the search for the best version of the Chinese translation by the researchers of various nationalities to search for the best version of the Chinese translation. The previous translations, combined with the connotation of each word, try to carry out the free translation as far as possible; to maintain the original translation of the previous translation identity; to choose the most appropriate one from the literal meaning and the expression of the symptoms of the disease, if there is a transliteration word, to translate it into Chinese; if there is no very ideal interpretation, it will be renewed. According to the principles and methods of scientific and technical nouns set up by the national science and technology NOUN examination and Approval Committee, the principles and principles of the use of standard words and the principle of single meaning are carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations of the state on language and words; and the principles of scientific, systematic, concise, international and conventions are followed. With the principle of harmonization, as far as minimum income other subjects are infiltrated, borrowed, and transliterated terminology, the Chinese translation version of some proper noun terms in the conceptual system is expected to be formed. Conclusion 1 this article reexamines the scientific connotation of the terms of the 135 Mongolian Medical nouns in the source of wisdom, the Ming Department of medicine, and the reference to the ancient India The three classic works of Doo, "Miao Wen Ji", "grogjia", "the eight heart marrow collection >" and the related Mongolian medical term annotation documents, have a one by one examination of the connotation of "the source of wisdom, the Ming Department and the medical term", the revision of the fallacy, and the misinterpretation of the misinterpretation of.2 in this article, to standardize the Chinese translation of the language of 135 Mongolian Medical nouns in the source of wisdom. The international phonetic alphabet is tagged after the terminology of Chinese nouns for the reference of various ethnic medical scholars. Through the exploration and study of the concept of "the source of wisdom, the Ming Department of medicine", the connotation of the term, and the selection of the best standard of Chinese translation, this paper provides a reference for the scholars of various nationalities in order to provide a reference for the Mongolian medicine. The research development and clinical application play a guiding role.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R29-04

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