“中医通道理论”的隐喻认知研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 19:05

本文选题：气化 + 取象比类　；参考：《北京中医药大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：目的中医通道理论来自于“五脏之道,皆出于经隧,以行气血,血气不和,百病乃变化而生,是故守经隧焉。”文中提到五脏、经隧、行气血,这三个组成要素就是中医人体通道系统的主要架构。五脏是以肝心脾肺肾为核心的脏象系统,以同类相应为原则,外应天地自然,内系六腑、经络、官窍,以阴阳、五行、精气为基本框架。经隧则指人体内部的通道,人体的内部道路从不同角度将通道的类别加以界定,就有不同的形式,但概念内涵是相同的,都泛指气血津液运行和代谢的道路,三焦、经络两者皆具有通道的特性。“气聚成形,形散为气”,气与形可以相互转化,行气血则泛指气的运动及其产生的各种变化,气化活动是以气机的升降出入来体现,气机的升降出入运动产生了各种变化,在人体这种变化就是气、血、津液间的相互转化及新陈代谢的过程。方法通过《黄帝内经》及中医基础理论进行中医通道理论的分析、归纳及探讨人体内部的通道,分别输送糟粕、津液及气,这些通道是分属不同形式的运输管道,各有其生成及输送的方式,经脉联络脏腑四肢百骸,沟通表里上下,是联系脏腑和体表及全身各部分的传导系统,为输送血及气的通道。三焦是以五脏六腑为参与者形成的一个空间,包含空间内五脏六腑形成的组织间隙及脏腑间隙交错而成的一个复杂的网络或通道系统,三焦主管水液通行,主持诸气,三焦通而水道利,为输送津液及气的通道,三焦、经络两者皆可以视为人体的整个运输系统,将这些分属不同形式的运输管道进行联系、组织,通过人体内部的气化过程,气血津液无时无刻都在三焦、经络进行输布、转化、和流注,故三焦、经络皆为气血津液运行道路。从以五脏为核心的脏象系统,“气化”体现对人体结构和功能的统一,加上人体内部的通道联系,可以建立起一人体通道系统,主要在气化理论的基础上,以三焦、经络为通道主体,作为气血津液循行路线及循环往返过程。隐喻是认知事物一种不可或缺工具。它将两个或两类具有相似性对象进行比较,透过熟悉认识的事物来了解不甚熟悉的事物,从已知的领域跨越到未知领域。它能在科学上提供启发性思维,加强对不熟悉事物的理解及认识,用来帮助新理论的构建,也可以表达新的概念或内容。在中医理论中人体是一个有机联系的统一整体,人体的型态结构功能互相联系不可分割,人体内的环境与自然界环境也是密切联系不可分割的统一体,透过自然界的变化及可被观察到的事物或事物关系,来推论生命活动规律现象,这种整体观念的构建是通过对自然界系统观察和类比后获得的,大自然之水文气候系统是藉由人类对自然界认识的深入,从最初的观察、经验的总结到对气候的形成、气候的变化及气候成因进行探讨所得出的,在人体之通道系统与自然界之水文气候系统之间也有存在着相似的类比关系。结果从隐喻的逻辑角度来看,本文通过隐喻结构理论中的类比访问、类比映像以及类比迁移这三个阶段,形成了一个“人体的通道系统就是自然界之水文气候系统”的隐喻描述。在过程中以相似性为前提,通过逻辑推理,类比替换和映像让人体的通道系统和自然界之水文气候系统两者形成类比关系,进行两类对象之间比较,能类比的部分包含两者间的结构、功能、模型等方面,后期在类比迁移的过程中,进而推导出中医体系中构建出的三焦、经络,也就是人体气血津液运行的通道,具有从己知来推导未知,获取新知识的功能。结论基于自然界中水在其所处的环境会以不同的相态存在及大气对水气输送、降水、和蒸发的认识,与中医理论进行类比,对于人体水液代谢与气机的升降出入相关的脏象功能及作用模式都可以得到比较好的认识及解释。从李东垣升降浮沉理论、黄元御中气升降理论及组方用药特点,三焦气化与水液代谢看湿阻三焦的治疗思路及《伤寒杂病论》在人体通道的运用,可以体会中焦脾胃作为人身气机枢纽,在气机升降出入的过程中起着重要的作用,湿与三焦气化功能密不可分,宣畅三焦气机,通阳化气以祛湿是治疗水湿病的一个重要原则,通过这样的隐喻认知思维模式为工具,能更有效的指导临床组方用药。
[Abstract]:Objective the theory of Chinese medicine channel comes from "the five Zang Road, all out of the tunnel, in order to carry the Qi and blood, the blood gas disharmony, the hundred diseases are changed and grow, so the five organs, the tunnel, the Qi and blood, these three components are the main structure of the body channel system of the Chinese medicine. The five zang organs are the visceral system with the core of the liver, the heart, the spleen, the kidney and the kidney, and the same kind." According to the principle, it should be the nature of heaven and earth, the inner Department of the six Fu organs, the meridians and the collaterals, the official orifices, the basic framework of the Yin and Yang, the five lines, and the essence of the Qi. The passage of the body is defined by the tunnel, and the internal road of the human body defines the categories of the channels from different angles, but the concept is the same, and the road of the movement and metabolism of Qi and blood fluid is generally referred to. "Three Jiao", the meridian and the collaterals both have the characteristics of the channel. "Gas accumulation is formed, shape is dissolved into gas", gas and shape can be converted to each other. Qi and blood can refer to the movement of gas and various changes in its production. The gasification activity is reflected by the lift and exit of the gas machine, and the movement of the lift and exit of the air machine produces various changes, in the human body the change is Qi, blood and Tianjin. The process of mutual transformation and metabolism of the liquid. Through the "Huangdi Nei Jing" and the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the analysis of the theory of the Chinese medicine channel, induction and discussion of the internal channels of the human body, transport the dross, body fluid and gas, these channels belong to different forms of transportation, each has its generation and transportation, meridians contact viscera. There is a complex network or channel system formed by the interspace between the five viscera and the viscera and the interspace between the viscera and the viscera, which is a complex network or channel system. In charge of water passage, presided over the gas, three coke through the waterway, the channel for conveying fluid and gas, the three coke and the meridians can be regarded as the whole transportation system of the human body. Transformation, and flow, therefore, the three jiao and the meridian are all the road of Qi and blood body fluid. From the visceral image system with the five viscera as the core, "gasification" embodies the unity of the structure and function of the human body and the channel connections within the human body, and can establish a human body channel system, mainly on the basis of the theory of gasification, and the main body of the channel with the tri coke and the meridians, as the gas. Metaphor is an indispensable tool for cognitive things. It compares two or two types of objects with similar objects, through familiar things to understand things that are not familiar, from the known field to the unknown field. It can provide enlightening thinking in science and strengthen the unfamiliar. The understanding and understanding of things can be used to help the construction of new theories and to express new concepts or contents. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the human body is an organic and unified whole. The structure and function of the human body are inseparable from each other. The environment in the human body is closely related to the natural environment, and it is also an inseparable entity. The change of the boundary and the relation of things or things that can be observed to deduce the law of life activities. The construction of this concept is acquired through observation and analogy of the natural system. The hydrological and climatic system of nature is based on the depth of human cognition of nature, from the initial observation, to the summary of experience to the shape of the climate. There is a similar analogous relationship between the human body channel system and the hydroclimate system of nature. From the logical point of view of metaphor, this paper is formed by analogy access, analogy image and analogy migration in the three stages of metaphorical structure theory. A metaphorical description of the human body's channel system is the hydroclimate system of nature. In the process of the process of similarity, logic reasoning, analogical substitution and mapping make the human body's channel system and the natural hydroclimate system form the analogical relationship between the two types of objects, and the parts of the analogy. The structure, function, model and so on, and later in the process of analogy migration, then deduce the tri coke built in the traditional Chinese medicine system, the channels and collaterals, that is the passage of body fluid and body fluid, which has the function of deriving the unknown and acquiring new knowledge from our knowledge. State of state and atmosphere of water and gas transport, precipitation, and evaporation of understanding, analogies with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the human body water metabolism and gas engine and lift and exit related visceral function and mode of action can be better understood and explained. From the Li Dongyuan lifting and floating theory, Huang Yuanyu theory of Qi and lift and the characteristics of prescription drugs, three The treatment thought of char gasification and water metabolism and the treatment of wet resistance tri coke and the use of the theory of "typhoid fever" and the use of the body passage of typhoid chill, we can realize the importance of the central coke and the spleen and the stomach as the hub of the human body gas machine, and play an important role in the process of the lift and exit of the gas machine. The wet and the three coke gasification functions are inseparable. An important principle of this way is to use the metaphor cognitive thinking mode as a tool to guide clinical prescriptions more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：北京中医药大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R22

【相似文献】