壮药兰香草的鉴别研究

发布时间：2019-02-14 17:43

【摘要】：目的:兰香草在广西民间常作为解毒药使用,用于疏散风寒、活血散瘀、除湿止痛等。目前,对兰香草的研究主要在化学成分方面;生药学鉴别研究及药材质量分析方法未见报道。药材的真伪优劣研究是中药安全有效的重要保障,也是药材合理开发与应用的基础。本研究以兰香草的为研究对象,通过对药材性状、显微、薄层色谱等方面的研究,水分、灰分、浸出物的检查、兰香草药材的红外特征以及挥发油和总黄酮的含量测定,建立系统的生药学鉴别方法和质量分析方法,为兰香草药材的质量控制提供参考依据。方法:1、对采集的13批药材进行性状鉴别、显微鉴别,并采用TLC法对药材进行定性研究。2、按《中国药典》2015年版的方法进行药材水分、灰分、浸出物等限量检查。3、采用红外光谱技术研究兰香草的红外光谱特征。4、采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取测定药材的挥发油含量,研究花期前、盛花期、花期后兰香草中挥发油的含量变化以及不同干燥方法对挥发油含量的影响。5、采用紫外-可见光分光光度法测定兰香草中总黄酮的含量;单因素试验设计结合正交试验设计优化兰香草总黄酮的超声波提取工艺。结果:1、原植物形态、性状特征、显微特征与薄层色谱均具有鉴别意义。2、不同批次药材水分含量在9.24%~11.82%的范围内,总灰分含量为2.34%~4.99%,酸不溶灰分含量在0.13%~1.48%之间,50%乙醇浸出物的含量在14.65%~27..08%的范围内。3、兰香草的红外光谱显示出多个特征吸收峰,具有一定的鉴别意义。4、兰香草挥发油得油率在0.05%(m L/g)~0.40%(m L/g)之间,平均得油率为0.27%(m L/g)。在盛花期采收的兰香草,其挥发油含量明显高于花期前与花期后,提取率分别为0.40%(m L/g)、0.20%(m L/g)和0.05%(m L/g);不同方法干燥样品挥发油的提取率大小为:阴干烘干晒干。5、兰香草药材总黄酮的含量在26.85mg/g~102.20mg/g之间。经实验优化筛选超声波提取工艺为:以75%乙醇为提取溶剂,料液比为1:40,浸泡30min,超声提取2次,每次45min,提取功率为300W。结论:本研究建立的兰香草质量分析方法简单、快速,可为兰香草药材质量评价提供基础与理论参考。
[Abstract]:Objective: the herb is often used as antidote in Guangxi, which is used for evacuation of wind and cold, blood circulation and blood stasis, dehumidification and pain relief, etc. At present, the studies on the chemical constituents of herbs and herbs have not been reported in the field of pharmacognosy identification and drug quality analysis. The study of authenticity and falsehood of medicinal materials is an important guarantee for the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine, and is also the basis for the rational development and application of medicinal materials. In this study, the characteristics of herbs, microscopic, TLC, moisture, ash, extract, infrared characteristics, volatile oil and total flavonoids were determined. A systematic pharmacognosy identification method and a quality analysis method were established to provide reference for the quality control of herbs. Methods: 1. 13 batches of medicinal materials were identified by character, microscopically and qualitatively studied by TLC. 2. According to the method of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the content of water, ash and extract were checked. Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the characteristics of the infrared spectrum of vanilla. 4. The volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation, and the content of volatile oil was determined before and after flowering. The content of volatile oil in vanilla after flowering and the effect of different drying methods on the content of volatile oil. 5. The content of total flavonoids in vanilla was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Single factor experimental design and orthogonal design were used to optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of total flavonoids. Results: 1. The morphology, characters, microscopic characteristics and TLC of the original plants were all significant. 2. The water content of different batches of medicinal materials was within 9.24% of 11.82%, and the total ash content was 2.34% and 4.99%, respectively. The content of acid insoluble ash is between 0.13% and 1.48%, and the content of 50% ethanol extract is in the range of 14.65%. The oil yield of the volatile oil was between 0.05% (mL / g) ~ 0.40% (mL / g) and the average oil yield was 0.27% (mL / g). The volatile oil content of vanilla harvested at full flowering stage was 0.40% (mL / g), 0.20% (mL / g) and 0.05% (mL / g), respectively, which was higher than that of pre-florescence and post-florescence, and the extraction rates were 0.40% (mL / g), 0.20% (mL / g) and 0.05% (mL / g), respectively. The extraction rate of volatile oil from different drying samples was as follows: dried in the shade and dried in the sun. 5. The content of total flavonoids in herbs was in the range of 26.85mg/g~102.20mg/g. The ultrasonic extraction process was optimized as follows: 75% ethanol was used as solvent, the ratio of material to liquid was 1: 40, immersion time was 30 min, ultrasonic extraction was carried out twice for 45 min, and the extraction power was 300 W. Conclusion: this method is simple and rapid, and can provide theoretical reference for quality evaluation of herbs.
【学位授予单位】：广西中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R29

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