犯罪未成年人的人格问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 07:47

本文关键词： 犯罪未成年人人格健康人格人格教育　出处：《河北师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国违法犯罪未成年人的人数呈逐年增加趋势。与此同时,我国未成年人的人格危机日益凸显,心理健康水平正在下降。调查数据显示,从1992年到2005年,未成年人的焦虑得分增加了约8%,抑郁得分增加了约7%,敌对心理得分增加了近8%,而积极的心理特征如自尊水平,从1997年到2007年却下降了11%。人格问题是未成年人犯罪诸因素中的重要因素。研究犯罪未成年人的人格问题,既揭示了人格与未成年人犯罪的密切联系,也为预防未成年人犯罪提供了一个全新的思路。文章共分三部分: 第一部分主要研究犯罪未成年人的人格特征。了解人格和犯罪未成年人的概念、人格与未成年人犯罪之间的关系。通过对河北省少管所部分未成年犯的调查及与石家庄市部分高中生的对照发现,犯罪未成年人在某种程度上的确存在着人格缺陷,具体表现在:追名逐利,人生观扭曲;精神空虚,缺乏远大的理想信念;精神质特征比较明显,人际关系敏感;神经质特征比较明显,情绪不稳定;是非感较差,价值评判标准模糊等五个方面。第二部分主要从主观和客观两个方面深刻剖析犯罪未成年人的人格形成和发展的影响因素。从主观上讲,未成年时期既是人格形成的关键时期,又是犯罪心理学家所说的“危险年龄”时期,往往存在着生理发育早熟与心理发育滞后的矛盾,认识能力、控制能力与生理、心理发展水平不协调的矛盾,个人需要与客观现实的矛盾,如果这些矛盾不能得到妥善疏导和解决,未成年人身上固有的人格弱点就会逐步放大。从客观上看,某些家庭教育思想不正确、家庭结构缺失、家庭教育方式不当、父母行为不良、家庭气氛不和睦等,不能正常发挥其在塑造未成年人健康人格方面的功能;部分中小学教育中存在着教育观念错位、教育方法失当、学校管理不善等消极因素,不利于培养未成年人健康人格;社会上的不良社会风气和渲染色情暴力的文化垃圾,严重污染着未成年人的心灵,造成未成年人的人格扭曲。这些主客观原因在一定条件下相互结合并发挥作用,就会导致未成年人形成不良人格,甚至走向违法犯罪。第三部分主要探索预防未成年人犯罪的人格教育模式。预防未成年人犯罪最根本的途径就是进行人格教育,塑造未成年人的健康人格。而搞好人格教育,最有实际意义的莫过于对人格教育对策进行优化组合,建立起行之有效的人格教育模式。文章提出了家庭、学校、社会“三位一体”的人格教育模式,主张强化家庭教育在人格教育中的基础性功能,发挥学校教育在人格教育中的主阵地功能,强化社会教育在人格教育中的保障性功能,形成完整系统的人格教育网络;提出了德育、智育、法育、心育“四育渗透”的人格教育模式,在德、智、法、心等诸教育活动中塑造未成年人健康人格;提出了知、情、意、信、行相一致的人格教育模式,通过培养未成年人正确积极的认知方式,乐观、稳定、反应适度的积极情绪,树立科学的价值观和远大的理想,培养勇敢、坚韧的意志品质和健康的行为习惯,发挥未成年人在人格教育中的主体性作用,促进其整体素质的提高和个性的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of crimes of minors in our country were increasing year by year. At the same time, China's juvenile personality crisis has become increasingly prominent, the level of mental health is declining. The survey data show that from 1992 to 2005, minor anxiety scores increased by about 8%, depression scores increased by about 7%, hostile psychological score increased nearly 8%, and positive psychological characteristics such as self-esteem level, from 1997 to 2007 fell by 11%. personality is an important factor in juvenile delinquency factors. Personality problems of crime of minors, not only reveal the personality and close contact with a minor crime, but also provides a new idea for prevention minor crime.
The article is divided into three parts:
The first part mainly studies the personality characteristics of juvenile crime and personality. To understand the concept of minors, the relationship between personality and juvenile crime. Through the investigation of Hebei province juvenile part of the juvenile and the discovery and control of high school students in Shijiazhuang, the crime of minors does exist to some extent with personality defects specifically, in: fame, life distortion; spiritual emptiness, lack of lofty ideals and beliefs; the spirit of quality characteristic is quite obvious, interpersonal sensitivity; nervous obvious characteristics, emotional instability; non poor sense, fuzzy evaluation criteria of five aspects.
The second part mainly from the two aspects of subjective and objective factors affecting the profound analysis of Juvenile Personality Formation and development. Subjectively, the juvenile period is the critical period of personality formation, it is a crime what psychologists call "dangerous age" period, there is often a precocious physiological and psychological development lags behind the contradiction understanding, ability, control ability and physiological and psychological development level, contradiction uncoordinated, individual needs and the reality of the conflict, if these contradictions can not be properly ease and resolve the minors who inherent personality weakness will gradually enlarge. Objectively speaking, some of the family education is not correct, lack of family structure, family improper way of education, parents bad behavior, family atmosphere is not harmonious, can not normally play in shaping the health of minors personality function; some primary and middle schools There is a wrong educational concept in education, school education methods misconduct, mismanagement and other negative factors, is not conducive to the cultivation of healthy personality of minors; social adverse social and cultural refuse sex and violence, seriously polluting the minds of minors, resulting in minor distortions of personality. These subjective and objective reasons under certain conditions combined with each other and play a role, will lead to the formation of minor bad personality, even to crimes.
The third part mainly explores the personality of juvenile delinquency prevention education mode. The personality education is the fundamental way to prevent the crime of minors, minors shaping healthy personality. And improve character education, the most meaningful than to the personality education countermeasures to optimize the combination, establish an effective character education model proposed in this paper. Family, school, society "three-in-one" personality education model, advocated the strengthening of family education in personality education in the basic function of school education, play the main position in the personality education function, strengthen social education in the personality education guarantee function, form a complete system of personality education network; put forward the moral education. The intellectual education, law education, psychological education of "four education infiltration" personality education mode, in virtue, wisdom, law, heart and other various educational activities in shaping the healthy personality of minors is put forward; Knowledge, love, meaning, faith, for consistent personality education mode, through the cultivation of minors positive cognitive style, optimistic, stable, moderate reaction positive emotions, scientific values and lofty ideals, cultivate courage, tenacity quality and health habits, did not play the main role the adults in the personality education, promote harmonious development and improving the quality of its overall personality.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D917

【参考文献】