“政策之窗”的关闭与重启--基于劳教制度终结的经验研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 13:43

本文关键词： 劳教制度 “任建宇案” “唐慧案”　出处：基于劳教制度终结的经验研究　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：劳教制度废止经历了两次"政策之窗",第一次因终结阻力过大而"关闭",第二次成功突破阻力,劳教制度正式废止。两次"窗口"期间,问题源流中问题焦点由制度法理缺陷转变为权力严重滥用,政策源流中倡导联盟由分歧走向共识,政治源流中法治理念由初步确立到全面推行,公众舆论由话题讨论到高度聚焦,政策企业家群体迅速壮大、"软化"方式更加多元,"唐慧案"的触发与高层领导人换届相结合,劳教制度成功废止。议程设置的演化逻辑与多源流理论保持较高一致性,再次验证了该理论对中国公共政策过程的解释力。两次"政策窗口"之间所发生的终结推动力与终结阻力的对抗、联盟间的政策学习还展现出多源流理论、政策终结理论与倡议联盟框架等政策变迁理论之间的契合点与对话空间。议程设置过程中呈现出的"溢出效应"的功能与实现、"政策之窗"的关闭与重启、倡议联盟、政策学习与议程设置、政策企业家的类型及其影响等特征为人们理解当代中国法制变迁的政策过程带来了新的理论启示。
[Abstract]:The abolition of the re-education through labour system has experienced two "windows of policy", the first time because the end of the resistance is too big and "close", the second successful breakthrough resistance, the formal abolition of the re-education through labour system. Twice "window" period. In the source of the problem, the focus of the problem has changed from the defects of the system of legal theory to the serious abuse of power, the advocacy alliance in the policy source has changed from disagreement to consensus, and the concept of rule of law in the political source has been initially established to be fully implemented. Public opinion has changed from topic discussion to high focus, the group of policy entrepreneurs has grown rapidly, the way of "softening" has become more diversified, and the trigger of the "Tang Hui case" has been combined with the change of senior leaders. The system of re-education through labour has been abolished successfully. The evolutionary logic of agenda setting is consistent with the theory of multi-source. Again, it verifies the explanatory power of the theory to the process of Chinese public policy. The final driving force and the final resistance between the two "policy windows" are opposed, and the policy learning among the alliances also shows the multi-source theory. The convergence and dialogue space between the policy ending theory and the policy change theory such as the framework of the initiative alliance, the function and realization of "spillover effect" in the process of setting the agenda, the closing and restarting of the "policy window". The characteristics of initiative alliance, policy learning and agenda setting, types of policy entrepreneurs and their influence bring new theoretical enlightenment for people to understand the policy process of legal system change in contemporary China.
【作者单位】：大连理工大学人文与社会科学学部;复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(10&ZD009) 大连理工大学中央高校基本业务启动经费(DUT16RC[3]076)
【分类号】：D926.8
【正文快照】： 一、问题的提出劳动教养最初旨在惩戒和教育那些行政法调整尚嫌无力、以刑罚调整又显过苛的违法行为(时延安,2013:175-191),该制度在特定历史条件下曾为维护政治稳定和社会秩序起到过积极作用。但时过境迁,由于劳教制度违背宪法及上位法、背离正当程序的法理缺陷与实践中的

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