DNA鉴定之法制化研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 18:45

本文选题：DNA鉴定　切入点：价值　出处：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着基因技术的不断发展和完善,DNA鉴定技术也以其近乎完美的科学性、客观性在司法实践证明活动中扮演着越来越重要的角色,但同时,DNA鉴定技术在司法实践运用中也面临着前所未有的尴尬。一方面是DNA鉴定技术以其强大的证明力使得大量案件事实被真实、清晰地还原,无数的罪犯无地可遁,极大地提高的司法诉讼证明的效能;而另一方面是DNA鉴定技术提供的海量般的信息量可能引发一系列的问题,如对人们隐私权的冲击、对犯罪的思考、就业歧视等。要解决这种可能尴尬的境况,并将DNA鉴定技术在诉讼证明中的积极功效发挥到最大值,法律的规制作用必不可少。因此,为了规范DNA鉴定在我国诉讼证明中的使用,并建立起阻挡DNA鉴定技术可能引发的洪水的堤坝,有必要在立足于我国传统的伦理道德、DNA的特性以及我国现实的司法环境的基础上,构建一套DNA鉴定的法制体系,从而弥补目前我国关于DNA鉴定方面法律缺失的境况,推动我国DNA鉴定法律体系的建立,以促进DNA鉴定技术运用达合法性与合理性的相对统一。全文共分为四个部分,约30000字,对DNA鉴定的相关理论知识及诉讼实务运用进行了阐述,并对国外及台湾地区相关的DNA鉴定的法制化情况进行了介绍,分析了基因伦理及公民隐私权对DNA鉴定的限制,并针对我国具体的司法环境提出了DNA鉴定的具体构想。采取的研究方法主要有比较分析法、价值评析法、案例分析法和文献参考法。第一部分DNA鉴定的基础理论概述。该部分分为三个小部分:第一部分介绍了DNA鉴定的原理及主要方法;第二部分概述了DNA鉴定在司法诉讼证明过程中的实务运用;第三部分对DNA鉴定的价值做了相关的评析。第二部分国外及台湾地区DNA鉴定法制化的概况。该部分主要对加拿大及台湾等地的DNA鉴定立法状况进行了相关的介绍。第三部分DNA鉴定之限制。该部分主要从基因伦理以及公民隐私权的角度出发,对DNA鉴定的限制性情况作了详细的论述。第四部分我国DNA鉴定法制化之构建。第四部分是本文的重点。这部分先对法制化的概念及我国DNA鉴定具体情况进行了介绍,最后从DNA鉴定的启动主体、适用对象、鉴定之采样、分析、保管、DNA鉴定结果的建档、DNA鉴定的第三人协助之规则、DNA鉴定的透明度及公民知情权这些方面对我国DNA鉴定法制化做了详细的论述。全文的重点及创新点是借鉴国外的立法经验的同时,并立足当今我国DNA鉴定实务的基础上,将其同基因伦理学、诉讼证明科学以及我国的司法环境等结合起来,寻求一套适合我国本土环境的DNA鉴定法律体系,以达到在DNA鉴定过程中即符合基因伦理、保障公民的隐私权,又能将DNA鉴定的积极功效及应有价值发挥到最大。
[Abstract]:With the development of genetic technology and the perfection of DNA identification technology, objectivity plays a more and more important role in judicial practice. But at the same time, the application of DNA identification technology in judicial practice is also facing unprecedented embarrassment. On the one hand, DNA identification technology, with its powerful power of proof, makes a large number of cases true and clearly restored, and countless criminals have no land to escape. On the other hand, the huge amount of information provided by DNA authentication technology may lead to a series of problems, such as the impact on people's right to privacy, the thinking of crime, In order to solve this potentially embarrassing situation and to maximize the positive effect of DNA identification technology in litigation proof, the role of legal regulation is essential. In order to standardize the use of DNA in our country's lawsuit proof, and to set up an embankment to block the flood caused by DNA identification technology, it is necessary to base on the characteristics of traditional ethics and morality in our country and the judicial environment in our country. To construct a legal system of DNA identification, to make up for the lack of law on DNA identification in our country at present, to promote the establishment of the legal system of DNA identification in our country, and to promote the relative unification of legitimacy and rationality in the application of DNA identification technology. The full text is divided into four parts, about 30000 words, the related theoretical knowledge of DNA identification and the application of litigation practice are expounded, and the legalization of DNA identification in foreign countries and Taiwan is introduced. This paper analyzes on the restriction of genetic ethics and civil privacy on DNA identification, and puts forward the concrete conception of DNA identification according to the specific judicial environment of our country. The research methods adopted are mainly comparative analysis method, value evaluation method, and so on. Case analysis and literature reference. This part is divided into three parts: the first part introduces the principle and main methods of DNA identification, the second part summarizes the practical application of DNA identification in the process of judicial proceedings. The third part has made the related appraisal to the DNA appraisal value. The second part is a survey of the legalization of DNA identification in foreign countries and Taiwan, which mainly introduces the legislation of DNA identification in Canada and Taiwan. The third part is about the limitation of DNA identification, which mainly discusses the restriction of DNA identification from the perspective of genetic ethics and civil privacy. Part 4th is the construction of legalization of DNA identification in China. Part 4th is the focus of this paper. This part first introduces the concept of legalization and the specific situation of DNA identification in China. Finally, it introduces the starting subject and applicable object of DNA identification. In this paper, the rules of the third party assisting in the identification of DNA are discussed in detail, such as the transparency of the identification and the citizens' right to know about the legal system of DNA identification in China. The emphasis and innovation of this paper is to draw lessons from foreign legislative experience and to combine it with genetic ethics, litigation proof science and judicial environment of our country, based on the practice of DNA identification in our country today. The purpose of this paper is to seek a set of legal system of DNA identification suitable for our native environment in order to accord with genetic ethics in the process of DNA identification, to protect citizens' right to privacy, and to maximize the positive effect and due value of DNA identification.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D919.4

【参考文献】