流动与犯罪：转型期中国农民流动的社会秩序研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 20:03

本文选题：社会转型期　切入点：流动　出处：《华中师范大学》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 流动是历代中国农民生存的策略选择之一。无论是古代还是近代,我国的农民在无法生存的状况下,无不选择投奔他乡,以求生存。与古代和近代的农民流动不同,改革开放后我国农民的流动尽管有求取生存之意,但其目的更趋向于利益的最大化,这种流动是结构性流动(第一产业向第二、三产业流动)和区域性流动(贫困地区向富裕地区流动)的结合。相同的是,无论古代、近代还是转型期中国农民的流动,都给社会秩序带来一定的冲击,引发社会的不稳定、不和谐,历代的执政者无不对农民流动引发的社会问题采取积极对策,以减缓其所带来的社会不良反应。本论文正是从历代中国农民由于流动而造成的社会失稳的状况考虑出发,对转型期中国农民进城打工而引发的社会犯罪问题进行反思。论文以马克思主义的基本原理和方法论为指导,把实证研究和规范研究有机结合起来,对转型期中国农民从“流动”到“打工”,再到“犯罪”的过程作出实证性的考察与分析,最后对农民工犯罪问题提出针对性的预防及治理措施。首先,本文运用史实和实证资料来论述和分析历代中国、尤其是20世纪改革开放以来我国农民流动的状况。其次,通过史实、实证资料的论述,以及调查所得资料显示,改革开放后我国农民流动随着国家政策的变化表现出不同的状况,尤其是城乡二元户籍体制的存在,对农民流动有着巨大影响。这些都给笔者进一步研究农民工犯罪提供了极为丰富的实证资料,在充分地占有资料和把握农民流动的动态基础上,笔者对农民犯罪的原因作了文化学解释,指出转型期中国农民工犯罪不仅仅是经济上的贫乏所致,更重要的异质文化冲突,即犯罪亚文化与主流文化的冲突造成的。第三,通过对郑州市农民工社会行为活动、思想价值层面的考察以及犯罪农民工的心理分析,概括了转型期中国农民工思想状况的总体特征,最后提出预防和治理的对策思路以及构建农民工思想政治教育的策略体系。本文的论述有几个突出特点:一是时间连续性强,既有我国古代、近代人口流动的状况,又有20世纪建国初期到80年代改革开放前我国农民随着政策变动的流动情况,还有改革开放后农民流动兴盛时的情况。二是覆盖面广。本文的实证调查既有我国的首都北京,又有处于我国南方的广州,还有处于中部的城市郑州。之所以把这三个地区确定为笔者调查研究的地点,是基于我国改革开放后农民的流动趋向性特点,即农民流动是中西部流向中东部、中部部分地区多流向首都北京。三是本文涉及的调查研究在不同层次展开,既有国家政府部门及其调研机构设计和实施的调查,又有国内学者进行的各类调查,还有笔者本人所进行的实证调查。四是资料覆盖面广,可利用性强。这其中既有经典理论作家关于农民流动的动力学理论研究资料,又有国外较有影响力的学者关于农民流动的动力学研究理论和研究模型,还有笔者本人关于农民流动的研究和调查资料。这也是本文之所以只用较少篇幅对中国农民流动的历史与现状进行概括性描述,而把主要笔墨用在农民流动的动因、农民流动的背景、异地的文化冲突、农民工的思想状况、犯罪的预防与对策等问题之上的原因。根据研究思路,除导论外,论文共安排六个章节。首先,论文回顾了历代中国农民流动的状况与流动的背景,讨论了改革开放后中国农民的流动由限制到放开的政策过程,指出这种城乡壁垒的松动不仅促使了农民的流动,同时也为农民在流动中可能会引发的社会问题——犯罪,创造了条件。其次,在经典理论作家和国内外学者对农民流动动因分析的基础上提出自己的见解,认为中国转型期农民的流动是社会结构调整、社会改革、个人因素等综合作用推动的结果。第三,论文分析了农民流动进城后的犯罪既有历史遗留的制度性因素,同时更是不同环境下的文化冲突造成的,这种文化的冲突是农民进城后的流民意识与主文化的冲突。第四,论文提出对农民工犯罪的控制是减少农民流动、改革城乡二元体制、构建农民工社会支持体系,同时,还必须构筑一定的预防和控制体系,以及加强农民工的思想政治教育工作、构建完整的农民工思想政治教育的策略体系。本文力图在以下几个方面有所创新: 首先,本论文拟通过宏观与微观、区域与个人之间的活动考察,努力摸索出一种农民工犯罪的“行动——事件”研究方法。第二,本研究拟突破传统的犯罪“经济决定论”分析模式,建立一种以文化冲突为主导的农民工犯罪原因解释模式。第三,本研究拟以社会学、犯罪学、文化学等学科与思想政治教育学相结合的研究方式,以跨学科全景透视方法探讨农民工从农民到犯罪的演变机制和轨迹,并提出相应预防措施和对策,试图开拓出一个以多学科相融合的新的研究领域---文化法学或文化犯罪学。
[Abstract]:The flow is one of the ancient China farmers' survival strategy. Whether in ancient or modern times, China's farmers can not survive in the situation, select all went home, in order to survive. The flow and ancient and modern farmers, flow of farmers in China after the reform and opening up for survival in spite of Italy, but the maximum the purpose of more interest, this flow is the structural flow (the first flow of industry to the second, third industry) and regional liquidity (poor areas to flow in rich areas) combination. Is the same, whether ancient or modern, transition Chinese farmers'flow, all have a certain impact to the social order, causing social is not stable, not harmonious, the social problems of those in power to flow caused by the farmers take active measures to mitigate the adverse reactions of the society, brought about. This thesis is from the Chinese by farmers Considering the situation of social instability caused by the flow, the social crime problems caused by Chinese peasants entering the city during the transition period are reflected.
With the basic principle and the method of Marx's theory, the empirical research and normative research combining the Chinese farmers during the period of transition from the "flow" to "work", then to "crime" to make investigation and empirical analysis, finally puts forward problems of migrant workers crime prevention and control measures the first, this paper discusses and analyzes the China using historical and empirical data, especially in China since the reform and opening up in twentieth Century of peasant movement. Secondly, through historical facts, empirical data are discussed, and the data show that China's reform and opening up the flow of farmers with the change of national policy showed different situation especially, two urban and rural household registration system, has a huge impact on farmers flow. All these to the further research of migrant workers crime provides a very rich empirical data That dynamic possession of information and grasp the flow of peasants in fully on the reasons of peasant crime made cultural interpretation, pointed out that China migrant workers crime in the transition period is not only caused by the poor economy, cultural conflict is more important, namely the crime sub culture and mainstream culture conflict. By third. The activities of migrant workers social behavior in Zhengzhou City, the level of ideological value of the study and analysis of migrant workers crime psychology, summarizes the general characteristics of Chinese migrant workers ideological state transition, and finally puts forward the strategy system of countermeasures to prevent and control the way of thinking and the construction of Ideological and political education of migrant workers.
This paper has several prominent features: one is the time of strong continuity, both in ancient China, the population flow situation, and in twentieth Century the founding of the early 80s in China before the reform and open policy changes with the flow of farmers, and farmers after the reform and opening up flow conditions. The two is Xing Sheng empirical coverage. This is the capital of China Beijing and China in the south of Guangzhou, and in the middle of the city of Zhengzhou. The reason why these three regions are identified as the author's research site, is China's reform and opening up farmers flow tendency based on the characteristics, namely the farmer is in the middle part of the west to flow in some areas, in the middle of the capital city of Beijing. The three is to study the expansion at different levels, in both national government departments and research institutions to design and implement, and domestic scholars All kinds of investigation, empirical investigation as well as the author I conducted. Four is data coverage, the use of strong. This is not only the classical theory about the farmer writer flow dynamics theory research data, and foreign influential scholars about farmers flow dynamics theory and research model, and the author of farmers the research and survey data. This is also the reason why the history and current situation of farmers Chinese flow only less length of a general description, and the main causes of ink in the flow of peasant farmers, flow background, cultural conflicts in different places, the state of mind of migrant workers, the reasons and Countermeasures on prevention of crime.
According to the research ideas, in addition to the introduction, this paper consists of six chapters. Firstly, the paper reviews the status and history of China flow of peasant movement background, discussed after the reform and opening up Chinese farmers'flow from restriction to open policy process, points out the barriers between urban and rural areas not only prompted the loose flow of farmers, at the same time as social problems may lead to farmers in the flow of crime, to create the conditions. Secondly, based on analysis of farmers flow dynamics in the classical theory of writers and foreign scholars put forward their views on Chinese, that the transition to the flow of farmers is the adjustment of the social structure, social reform, promote the comprehensive effect of personal factors etc. results. Third, this paper analyzes the flow of farmers after the city's crime has both institutional factors of history, but also the cultural conflict caused by different environment, this kind of cultural conflict Is the conflict of the farmers into the city during the main consciousness and culture. In fourth, the control of migrant workers crime is to reduce the flow of farmers, the reform of the urban and rural system of two yuan, the construction of migrant workers social support system, at the same time, must also build a prevention and control system, and strengthen the ideological and political education of migrant workers, the strategy system construction thought the integrity of the political education of migrant workers.
This article tries to make some innovations in the following aspects:
First of all, this paper intends to explore a "action event" research method of migrant workers' crime by investigating the activities between macro and micro, between regions and individuals.
Second, this study is to break through the traditional "economic determinism" analysis model and establish a mode of interpretation of the reasons for the crime of migrant workers, which is dominated by cultural conflict.
Third, this research intends to study sociology, criminology, cultural science and the ideological and political education combination of migrant workers, from farmers to crime and track evolution mechanism with the interdisciplinary panoramic perspective method, and puts forward the corresponding prevention measures and countermeasures, trying to open up a multidisciplinary integration the new research field of law --- cultural or cultural criminology.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D917

【引证文献】