论反复鉴定问题的成因与对策

发布时间：2018-03-05 01:37

本文选题：鉴定结论　切入点：反复鉴定　出处：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：反复鉴定已经成为长期以来困扰司法实践的一个突出问题并引起了一些学者的关注,学界对这一问题的研究也可谓见仁见智。然而,这一问题从很早就已经提出来了,而到目前仍未予以彻底解决,甚至可以说基本没有解决。其中的原因,除了立法的滞后等因素外,一个更为重要的原因是学界对此问题的探讨尚停留在比较浅的层面上,很少有论文能触及到这一问题的实质。本文试图通过对黄静案的剖析,对这一问题进行深入的探讨,以期对这一问题的较好解决出一份力。反复鉴定是指对案件中的同一个专门性问题,经过一个或多个鉴定机构的多次鉴定,获得一致或不一致意见的现象,其在司法实践中常被称为“多头鉴定”、“重复鉴定”。为什么同一个专门问题要经过几个鉴定机构多次鉴定?笔者认为,这是由我国目前的鉴定制度与鉴定本身共同作用的结果。鉴定制度层面的原因是外因,主要包括鉴定启动程序的多元、鉴定实施程序的粗糙、鉴定质证程序的虚置,以及最重要的,整个鉴定程序的封闭缺少当事人的参与。而鉴定本身的原因,如鉴定主体、鉴定标准、鉴定方法等则是内因。通过对造成反复鉴定的外因与内因的揭示,笔者试图证明,一些造成反复鉴定的原因是不可避免的,如鉴定主体水平的参差不齐、鉴定方法的差异等,至少在这个层面上,反复鉴定的存在是有其合理性的。而一些造成反复鉴定的原因则是可以通过努力而予以避免的,在这个层面上,反复鉴定的存在是不必要的。因此,在进行新的制度设计时,必需考虑如何才能最大限度地合理控制反复鉴定的出现。笔者认为可以从以下方面着手。首先,以加强当事人的参与为中心改革鉴定制度。法官享有鉴定程序启动的决定权,双方当事人则享有启动的请求权和申请救济权,当事人参与到鉴定的实施程序中来,并使鉴定质证程序实质化。其次,对鉴定本身的状况也应进行改善,主要包括变革现行的鉴定人资格管理制度,使之更具独立性、中立性与统一性,以及建立科学而统一的鉴定技术标准等方面。
[Abstract]:Repeated identification has become a prominent problem that has puzzled the judicial practice for a long time and has attracted the attention of some scholars. The academic research on this issue is also divided into different opinions. However, this problem has been raised from a long time ago. So far, it has not been thoroughly solved, or can be said to be basically unsolved. In addition to the lag in legislation and other factors, one of the more important reasons is that the academic community's discussion of this issue has remained at a relatively shallow level. Few papers can reach the essence of this problem. This paper attempts to make a thorough discussion on this problem through the analysis of Huang Jing case in order to solve the problem better. Repeated identification refers to the phenomenon that the same specialized question in a case has been identified by one or more appraisal agencies and has obtained a consistent or inconsistent opinion. It is often referred to as "long appraisal" and "repeated appraisal" in judicial practice. The author believes that this is the result of the joint action of our country's current appraisal system and the appraisal itself. The reasons for the appraisal system level are external causes, mainly including the pluralism of the identification initiation procedure, the roughness of the appraisal implementation procedure, the virtual establishment of the identification cross-examination procedure, And, most importantly, the closure of the whole appraisal procedure lacks the participation of the parties concerned. The reasons for the identification itself, such as the subject, the standard and the method of identification, are internal causes. By revealing the external and internal causes that cause repeated identification, The author tries to prove that some causes of repeated identification are inevitable, such as the uneven level of the subject of identification, the difference of identification methods, and so on, at least on this level. The existence of repeated identification is reasonable, and some of the causes of repeated identification can be avoided through hard work. At this level, the existence of repeated identification is unnecessary. Therefore, in the design of the new system, It is necessary to consider how to control the emergence of repeated identification to the maximum extent. The author thinks that we can start from the following aspects. Firstly, we should reform the appraisal system by strengthening the participation of the parties. The judge has the right to decide the initiation of the appraisal procedure. On the other hand, the parties have the right to request for commencement and the right to apply for relief. The parties participate in the implementation of the appraisal procedure and make the identification cross-examination procedure substantive. Secondly, the condition of the appraisal itself should also be improved. It mainly includes reforming the current system of expert qualification management, making it more independent, neutral and unified, and establishing scientific and unified technical standard of appraisal.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D918.9

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