环境犯罪预防论

发布时间：2018-03-08 14:33

本文选题：环境犯罪　切入点：犯罪生成　出处：《华南理工大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,我国环境状况持续恶化,环境问题仍然是经济社会发展中的突出问题,破坏环境资源的大案要案时有发生,反映出我国现行规制环境违法乃至犯罪的法律法规存在一定的缺陷。其中较为突出的是,针对环境犯罪的预防机制不完善、手段不充分、规制不科学,难以达到较好的预防效果。因此,有必要以提高预防环境犯罪的实际效果为目的,针对刑法预防环境犯罪的局限与不足,通过研究视角和范式的转换,从犯罪学视角研究环境犯罪的成因及机理,从而为进一步完善我国环境犯罪立法、构建有效环境犯罪预防体系提供理论支撑和对策。本文以犯罪学为视角,采用文献分析方法、比较研究方法、实证研究方法和案例研究方法,并综合运用刑法学、社会学、经济学等领域中的相关研究范式展开了论述。对于环境犯罪预防的研究,本文基本遵循了犯罪学研究的基本方法与路径。在对国内外环境犯罪预防现状进行分析的基础上,依据环境犯罪产生的原因,本文初步构建了环境犯罪的预防体系。该体系以消灭“带菌个体”、“犯罪情境”和“社会控制弱化”这三个致罪因素为目的,通过多方主体的共同作用,形成了由横纵交错的两个子系统构成的环境犯罪预防体系。其中,横向子系统围绕犯罪预防和被害预防展开。纵向子系统则按照环境犯罪发生发展的自然规律与先后顺序将环境犯罪预防分为“第一层预防”、“第二层预防”和“第三层预防”。社会预防作为“第一层预防”,是三层预防体系中最广泛的防线,具体包括宏观社会预防和微观社会预防两方面。其中宏观社会预防包括确立预防优先的指导思想、完善环境公益诉讼制度原告资格、树立公民环境道德意识和大力发展环保产业。微观社会预防主要是以家庭、学校、社区、企业和被害人作为主体,通过这五类主体的自我完善来进一步巩固环境犯罪的第一道防线。情境预防是“第二层预防”,起着承上启下的作用。其主要是围绕增加犯罪难度、提高犯罪风险、降低犯罪回报、减少犯罪刺激和排除犯罪借口这五类措施对环境犯罪进行预防。作为“第三层预防”,刑罚预防是环境犯罪预防的最后一道防线。具体可分为环境犯罪立法预防和环境犯罪司法预防两个方面。在环境犯罪刑事立法方面,一是确立多元的环境犯罪立法模式,二是增设新的环境犯罪罪名,三是完善环境犯罪刑罚适用原则,四是完善环境犯罪刑罚适用种类。在环境犯罪刑事司法方面,一是要成立环境污损司法鉴定机构,二是要综合运用各种因果关系证明理论,三是提高司法人员专业水平,四是建立环境行政执法与司法联动机制,五是充分发挥环保法庭的作用,六是建设环保警察队伍。
[Abstract]:At present, the environmental situation in China continues to deteriorate, and environmental problems are still prominent problems in economic and social development, and major cases of damaging environmental resources occur from time to time. It reflects that there are some defects in the current laws and regulations governing environmental law and even crime in our country, among which, the prevention mechanism for environmental crime is not perfect, the means are not sufficient, and the regulation is not scientific. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the actual effect of environmental crime prevention, aiming at the limitations and shortcomings of the criminal law to prevent environmental crime, through the change of research perspective and paradigm. This paper studies the causes and mechanism of environmental crime from the perspective of criminology, so as to provide theoretical support and countermeasures for the further improvement of environmental crime legislation and the construction of effective environmental crime prevention system. The comparative research methods, the empirical research methods and the case study methods, and the comprehensive use of criminal law, sociology, economics and other related research paradigms are discussed. This article has basically followed the basic method and path of criminology research. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of environmental crime prevention at home and abroad, according to the causes of environmental crime, In this paper, the prevention system of environmental crime is preliminarily constructed. The system aims at eliminating the three culprit factors, I. e., "individuals with bacteria", "crime situation" and "weakening of social control", through the joint action of various subjects. Forming an environmental crime prevention system composed of two subsystems, which are crosswise and crisscrossed. The horizontal subsystem revolves around crime prevention and victimization prevention. The vertical subsystem divides environmental crime prevention into "first level prevention", "second level prevention" and "second level prevention" according to the natural law and order of the occurrence and development of environmental crime. As the first level of prevention, social prevention is the most extensive defense line in the three-tier prevention system. Including macro social prevention and micro social prevention, including establishing the guiding ideology of prevention priority, perfecting the plaintiff's qualification of environmental public interest litigation system, Establish citizens' environmental moral consciousness and vigorously develop environmental protection industry. Micro social prevention mainly takes family, school, community, enterprise and victim as the main body. Through the self-improvement of these five kinds of subjects, the first line of defense of environmental crime is further consolidated. Situational prevention is "the second level of prevention", which plays the role of connecting the preceding and the following. It mainly revolves around increasing the difficulty of the crime and increasing the risk of the crime. Reducing the return on crime, As the third layer of prevention, penalty prevention is the last line of defense of environmental crime prevention. It can be divided into the prevention of environmental crime legislation and the prevention of environmental crime legislation. Two aspects of judicial prevention of environmental crime. In the criminal legislation of environmental crime, The first is to establish a diversified legislative model of environmental crime, the second is to add new charges of environmental crime, the third is to perfect the applicable principles of environmental crime penalty, and the fourth is to perfect the applicable types of environmental crime penalty. In the criminal justice aspect of environmental crime, First, it is necessary to set up a judicial identification agency for environmental pollution; second, to comprehensively apply various theories of causality proof; third, to improve the professional level of judicial personnel; and fourth, to establish a mechanism of environmental administrative law enforcement and judicial linkage. Fifth, give full play to the role of environmental courts, and six is to build the environmental protection police force.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D917.6

【引证文献】